《周礼·考工记》记载:“画缋之事,杂五色:东方谓之青,南方谓之赤,西方谓之白,北方谓之黑,天谓之玄,地谓之黄”。这是中国最早的色彩理论,是以阴阳五行说为理论基础推演形成的。五色指红、黄、蓝、白、黑,而这里提到的玄色应该如何理解?这是研究传统色彩理论中一个值得考究的问题。 玄色泛指黑色,但其确切的概念不是黑色,而是青黑中透红,又称天青色。西晋张协在《七命》文中,描写“天骥之骏”的眼睛是“眸间黑照,玄彩绀发”。“绀”便是青中透红的意思,比较确切地表达了玄彩的概念。 墨分五彩,焦、浓、重、淡、轻,从概念看,只是一种色彩的浓淡层次变化,为何是五彩呢?从实践经验看,是指焦、浓、重、淡、轻的相互浸破和对比后产生的效果。中国画使用的墨,由于制作上的原因,其色泽有偏冷或暖的差别,明代陈继儒把墨分为五等,他说:“试墨磨一缕如线,而鉴其光,紫光为上,黑光次之,青光又次之,白光为下,黯白无光或有云霞气为下之下 “Zhou Gong Kaogongji” records: “painting 缋 things, miscellaneous colored: the East that the green, the South that the red, the West that the white, the North that the black, the day that the mystery of the so-called yellow.” This is the earliest color theory in China. It is based on the deduction of Yin and Yang and the five elements as the theoretical basis. Color refers to the red, yellow, blue, white, black, and here should be how to understand the black? This is the study of traditional color theory, a worthy problem. Black refers to the black, but its exact concept is not black, but red in black, also known as azure. Zhang Xie in the Western Jin Dynasty in the “Seven Life” article, depicting the “sky Chun Ji,” the eyes are “pupil black, mysterious color cyanosis.” “Cyanosis” is the meaning of youth in the red, more accurately expressed the concept of mysterious color. In terms of concept, it is just a kind of gradation of color, why multicolored, coke, thick, heavy, light and light. Why is multicolored? From practical experience, it means coke, rich, heavy, light and light Dip and contrast after the resulting effect. The ink used in Chinese painting, due to its production reasons, is somewhat cold or warm in color. In the Ming Dynasty, Chen Jiru divided the ink into five grades. He said: "The test ink is like a ray of thread, while its light, , Black light second, blue light second, white light, dark or cloudy sky under the next