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目的:研究维生素D(VitD)缺乏对大鼠肺发育的形态学影响。方法:雌性SD孕鼠随机分为正常对照组、VitD缺乏模型组及干预组3组,每组6只。对照组予光照及含VitD的正常饲料喂养;模型组及干预组予以避光、不含VitD的饲料喂养,2周后与成熟SD雄性大鼠交配,于孕17、18、19天干预组以活性VitD(0.5mg/kg)灌胃,并恢复光照及正常喂养;模型组及对照组予以等体积生理盐水灌胃。各组取孕20天的胎肺及生后1天新生鼠肺组织,通过光镜观察和电镜技术,分析研究VitD缺乏对肺发育的形态学影响。结果:光镜下,孕20天模型组及干预组胎肺肺泡平均表面积、平均呼吸膜周径均小于同龄正常对照组(P<0.05),平均肺泡间隔厚度大于对照组(P<0.05);生后1天新生鼠模型组肺泡平均表面积、平均呼吸膜周径小于对照组(P<0.05),平均肺泡间隔厚度大于对照组(P<0.05),干预组肺泡平均表面积、平均呼吸膜周径大于模型组,平均间隔厚度小于模型组(P<0.05)。电镜下,孕20天及生后1天的模型组的板层小体数量均明显少于对照组,且孕20天模型组糖原沉积丰富,生后1天模型组板层小体结构疏松,可见板层小体排空现象;干预组上述变化较模型组有所改善。结论:孕期VitD缺乏抑制了孕晚期胎鼠及新生大鼠的肺发育,补充活性维生素D可逆转上述抑制作用。
Objective: To investigate the morphological changes of lung in rats with vitamin D deficiency. Methods: Female SD pregnant rats were randomly divided into normal control group, VitD deficiency model group and intervention group 3, with 6 rats in each group. The control group was given the light and the normal diet containing VitD. The model group and the intervention group were protected from light and without VitD. The rats in the model group and the intervention group were fed with the mature SD male rats 2 weeks later. At 17,18 and 19 days, Active VitD (0.5mg / kg) was given into the stomach, and the light and normal light were recovered. The model group and the control group were given normal saline. Twenty days after birth, the lungs of newborn mice and the lungs of newborn mice were observed by light microscopy and electron microscopy. The morphological effects of VitD deficiency on lung development were analyzed. Results: Under the light microscope, the average lung alveolar surface area and average respiratory membrane circumference of the model group and the intervention group were less than those of the normal control group (P <0.05). The average thickness of the alveolar septum was greater than that of the control group (P <0.05). The average alveolar surface area and mean respiration membrane diameter of the newborn rat model group on day 1 after birth were less than those of the control group (P <0.05), and the average alveolar septum thickness was greater than that of the control group (P <0.05). The mean alveolar surface area Compared with model group, the average interval thickness was smaller than model group (P <0.05). The numbers of lamellar bodies in the model group at 20 days pregnant and 1 day after birth were significantly less than those in the control group under electron microscope. The glycogen deposition in model group was abundant on day 20, , Showing the phenomenon of body emptying plate body; intervention group compared with the model group improved. CONCLUSION: VitD deficiency during pregnancy inhibits lung development in fetal and neonatal rats during the third trimester of pregnancy. Supplementation of active vitamin D reverses this inhibitory effect.