其中R,θ是极坐标;μ是切变模量;b是柏氏向量;εr是以一个溶质原子代替一个溶剂原子时半径的改变;r是溶剂原子的半径。 由于溶质原子与位错有交互作用,因此溶质原子要向过度应变晶体中的静止位错迁动,形成气团,从而把位错钉扎住,这就是所谓应变时效现象。Cottrell,Bilby应用(1)式处理了应变时效的动力学过程,得到在t时间内分聚到位错上去的溶质原子数N是 Where R and θ are polar coordinates; μ is the shear modulus; b is the Burgers vector; εr is the radius change when a solute atom replaces a solvent atom; and r is the radius of the solvent atom. As the solute atoms interact with the dislocations, the solute atoms migrate to the static dislocations in the over-strain crystals and form air masses, which pin the dislocations. This is the so-called strain aging phenomenon. Cottrell, Bilby (1) applied the kinetic process of strain aging to obtain the number of solute atoms that converge to dislocations at time t N