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1300年前后,棉布生产成为中国经济中的一个基本成分。棉花由珍奇的贸易品向基本的日用品的转变,揭示了中国经济社会史上的诸多变化。棉花在中国的胜利不仅得益于政府对棉花的种植和纺织品制造业的主动推广,还受惠于纺棉纤成纱的实用知识的广泛传播。妇女对中华帝国晚期的棉纺织品生产的贡献至关重要,但可能阻止了棉纺织品生产实现更进一步的机械化发展。随着棉布生产的增长、生产效率的提高,棉布成为中华帝国晚期享有盛誉的商品,商人依托中国广泛的市场网络输出这种商品。了解中华帝国晚期棉纺织品的历史,有助于理解棉花产业如何既给中国带来财富,又阻碍了技术创新和家内经济结构的改革。
About 1300 years ago, cotton production became an essential component of China’s economy. The shift of cotton from rare trade goods to basic daily necessities reveals many changes in China’s economic and social history. The victory of cotton in China has benefited not only from the government’s active promotion of cotton cultivation and textile manufacturing, but also from the widespread dissemination of practical knowledge of cotton spinning. The contribution of women to the production of cotton textiles in the late imperial China is crucial, but it may prevent the further mechanization of cotton textile production. With the growth of cotton production and the improvement of production efficiency, cotton has become a prestigious commodity in the late imperial China. Merchants rely on the extensive market network in China to export such products. Understanding the history of the late Chinese imperial cotton textile helps to understand how the cotton industry not only brings wealth to China but also hinders the reform of technological innovation and domestic economic structure.