冲沟侵蚀是中国西部山区一个重要的环境问题。小流域研究表明 ,黄河和长江中的泥沙主要是冲沟侵蚀引起的。目前 ,长江上游 80 %的冲沟因被幼林草植被覆盖而处于非活跃期。到底这些冲沟系统是什么时候形成的 ?未来的暴雨和径流是否会激活这些冲沟系统 ?土地利用与景观结构对冲沟系统的发生、演变有何关系 ?基于这些问题 ,近几年来在中科院山地环境学“百人计划”和“国外引进杰出人才”项目及德国洪堡基金的资助下 ,中德科学工作者进行了合作研究。本文介绍了长江上游地区土地利用变化与冲沟发生、演变的部分研究成果。我们在西昌安宁河干暖河谷选择了两个冲沟系统 :一个位于西溪乡长山岭 ,一个位于大青梁子。为了定量评价土地利用对冲沟发育的影响 ,我们对研究小流域的航片、土壤剖面、泥沙堆积与土地利用历史等进行了详尽的综合对比分析。同时 ,对两个冲沟系统的大小和土壤流失的体积进行了详细的野外调查、测定和计算。据此 ,获得了研究流域的冲沟侵蚀速率。研究结果表明 ,长江上游数百年的持续景观演变 ,尤其是 2 0世纪中期人为强烈的不合理农业垦殖和利用土地 ,造成了四川西南部大量冲沟系统的形成和发展 ,研究流域的冲沟侵蚀速率高达375t/hm2 ·a-1。采取成功的水土保持措施以控制冲沟侵蚀 ,对中国 Gully erosion is an important environmental issue in mountainous areas of western China. Small watershed studies show that sediment in the Yellow River and the Yangtze River is mainly caused by gully erosion. At present, 80% of the gully in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River is inactive due to being covered with young forest vegetation. In the end when these gully systems were formed, and whether the future rainstorms and runoff would activate these gully systems. What is the relationship between land use and landscape structure’s occurrence and evolution? Based on these issues, in recent years, Environmental Science “Hundred Talents Program” and “Introduction of Outstanding Foreign Talents” project and the German Humboldt Fund, the Chinese scientists conducted a cooperative study. This paper introduces some research results on the occurrence and evolution of land use change and gully in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. We chose two gully systems in the dry and warm valleys of the Anning River in Xichang: one is located in the Changshan Ridge of Xixi County, and one is located at Daqingliangzi. In order to quantitatively evaluate the impact of land use on the development of gully, we conducted a comprehensive and comprehensive comparative analysis of the navigation, soil profile, sediment accumulation and land use history in the study of small watershed. At the same time, a detailed field survey, determination and calculation were conducted on the size of two gully systems and the volume of soil erosion. Based on this, the gully erosion rate of the study basin was obtained. The results show that the continuous landscape evolution of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River for several hundred years, especially the unreasonable agricultural reclamation and land use in the mid-20th century has resulted in the formation and development of a large number of gully systems in the southwestern Sichuan Province. The erosion rate is up to 375t / hm2 · a-1. Take successful soil and water conservation measures to control gully erosion to China