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目的掌握石家庄市鹿泉区结核病疫情的流行特征,为完善防控策略提供数据支持。方法由中国疾病预防控制信息系统结核病管理信息系统获得结核病报告发病例数,根据鹿泉区统计年鉴和第五次人口普查中的人口数,计算报告发病率。采用描述流行病学方法分析鹿泉区2005—2015年结核病三间分布特征。采用χ2检验对不同年份、不同性别、不同年龄段结核病患者的发病率进行分析。结果 2005—2015年鹿泉区共报告结核病病例3 104例,年均报告发病率为68.66/10万,2008年达到最高后呈下降趋势。患者主要集中在3、4月份。各乡镇结核病疫情不均衡,主要集中在获鹿镇、铜冶镇,占全部病例的56.47%,连同外来人口聚集的高新区是鹿泉区结核防治工作的重点地区。男女性别比为2.99∶1。发病年龄有3个高峰,即学生时期、壮年时期及老年时期。农民和羁押人员是结核病发病的主要人群,占80.05%。结论石家庄市鹿泉区2008年后结核病疫情稳步下降,但不同乡镇、不同人群特征的结核病疫情不平衡,应根据实际情况完善防治策略以更好地控制疫情。
Objective To grasp the epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis in Luquan District of Shijiazhuang City and provide data support for the improvement of prevention and control strategies. Methods The number of tuberculosis cases was obtained from China Disease Control and Prevention Information System Tuberculosis Management Information System, and the reported incidence rate was calculated according to the statistical yearbook of Luquan District and the population in the fifth census. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the three distributional characteristics of tuberculosis in Luquan District from 2005 to 2015. The χ2 test was used to analyze the incidence of tuberculosis patients of different years, different genders and different ages. Results A total of 3 104 cases of tuberculosis were reported in Luquan District from 2005 to 2015, with an average annual incidence of 68.66 / 100 000 and a downward trend after reaching the highest in 2008. Patients are mainly concentrated in March and April. The prevalence of tuberculosis in villages and townships is not balanced, mainly in Luhu and Tongye towns, accounting for 56.47% of the total cases. The high-tech zones gathered together with migrants are the key areas for tuberculosis prevention and control in Luquan District. The sex ratio for men and women is 2.99: 1. There are three peak incidence age, that is, students, the prime of life and the elderly. Peasants and detainees are the major group with tuberculosis incidence, accounting for 80.05%. Conclusion The epidemic situation of tuberculosis in Luquan District of Shijiazhuang Municipality decreased steadily after 2008, but the epidemic of tuberculosis characterized by different townships and different populations is not balanced. The prevention and cure strategies should be perfected to better control the epidemic.