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目的：通过采取一系列干预措施提高我国新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）医务人员手卫生依从性。方法以多中心研究的方式，选取全国9个省及直辖市17所三级甲等医院，采用世界卫生组织（WHO）手卫生调查方法，每月对医务人员进行手卫生依从性调查。2013年10月1日—2014年3月31日为干预前；2014年4月1日—9月30日采取及时反馈与强化培训等干预措施，即为干预后。结果医务人员手卫生依从率干预前为80．29％，干预后为80．85％，干预前后比较，差异无统计学意义（P ＞0．05）。不同规模 NICU 医务人员手卫生依从率干预前后比较，差异均有统计学意义（均 P ＜0．05），其中＜20张、20～30张床位的 NICU 医务人员手卫生依从率干预后均高于干预前（均 P ＜0．05），＞30张床位的 NICU 医务人员手卫生依从率干预后低于干预前（P ＜0．001）。保洁人员手卫生依从率由干预前的58．82％提高至干预后的68．09％，差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）；不同手卫生指征中除清洁或无菌操作前，其他手卫生指征医务人员手卫生依从率干预前后比较，差异均有统计学意义（均 P ＜0．05）。结论我国 NICU 医务人员的手卫生依从性处于较高水平，采取强化培训、及时反馈等干预措施对不同规模 NICU、不同岗位医务人员、不同手卫生指征的手卫生依从性有一定影响。“,”Objective To improve hand hygiene (HH)compliance of health care workers (HCWs)in neonatal in-tensive care units(NICUs)in China through a series of intervention measures.Methods A multicenter study was conducted,17 tertiary first class hospitals in 9 provinces and cities were selected,HH compliance of HCWs in these hospitals were investigated every month according to HH investigation method of World Health Organization.From October 1 ,2013 to March 31 ,2014 was pre-intervention stage;from April 1 ,2014 to September 30,2014 was post-intervention stage,timely feedback and intensified training were conducted at post-intervention stage.Results HH compliance rates of HCWs before and after intervention were 80.29% and 80.85% respectively,there was no sig-nificant difference (P >0.05).HH compliance rates of HCWs in different sizes of ICUs were significantly different before and after intervention (all P <0.05),in NICUs with<20 beds and 20-30 beds after the intervention were both significantly higher than before intervention (both P 30 beds were significantly lower than before intervention(P <0.001 );HH compliance rate of cleaners increased from 58.82% before intervention to 68.09% after intervention (P <0.05 );Of different hand hygiene indications,except before clean/aseptic task, compliance to the other HH indications were significantly different between before and after intervention(all P <0.05).Conclusion HH compliance is high among HCWs in NICUs in China,intervention measures,such as inten-sified training and timely feedback have certain influence in compliance to HH among HCWs at different sizes of ICUs,of different occupations,and at different HH indications.