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丙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis C virus,HCV)属于黄病毒科,是有包膜的单正链RNA病毒。HCV基因组约有9 600个碱基,编码的单一开放读码框(Open reading frame,ORF)翻译出约3 000个氨基酸残基的多聚蛋白前体,在宿主细胞及病毒蛋白酶的作用下,剪切成至少10种结构蛋白和非结构蛋白。近年来,一种新的病毒蛋白在一些实验室相继被发现,称为读码框移位蛋白(Alternative reading frame protein,ARFP),或称为F蛋白(Frameshift protein),也有学者称之为Core+1蛋白。F蛋白是由核心基因读码框移位产生的,虽然从发现至今已有10余年,但其生物学功能仍不明确,对其在肝脏疾病和肝细胞癌的发生发展中的作用及其对HCV复制和感染的影响尚有争议。本文就F蛋白的发现、产生机制、抗原性、生化特性及生物学功能等作一综述。
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) belongs to the genus Flaviviridae and is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus. The HCV genome contains about 9 600 bases and encodes a single open reading frame (ORF) that translates a polyprotein precursor of about 3 000 amino acid residues. Under the action of the host cell and the viral protease, Cut into at least 10 structural and non-structural proteins. In recent years, a new virus protein has been found in some laboratories, called the alternative reading frame protein (ARFP), or called the F protein (Frameshift protein), and some scholars call it Core +1 protein. F protein is produced by the reading frame shift of the core gene. Although it has been more than 10 years since its discovery, its biological function remains unclear and its role in the development of liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma The impact of HCV replication and infection remains controversial. This article reviews the discovery, mechanism, antigenicity, biochemical characteristics and biological functions of F protein.