指导学生观察实验,是实验教学中的一种必要手段和方法。而在实际教学中,有的教师或出于“学生自主”的想法,放任学生自由发现,导致学生只能观察到表面现象;或源于对实验把握不准,而发现不了本质现象,导致学生错过观察本质现象的机会。针对这些现象,例举“雾”模拟实验、火山喷发实验以及“溶解”实验本质现象的观察指导方法,以期引起教师在教学中高度重视,并加以借鉴。 Guiding students to observe the experiment is an essential means and method in experimental teaching. In actual teaching, some teachers or students out of their own “students ” idea, allow students to freely find, resulting in students can only observe the surface phenomenon; or from the experimental uncertainty are not allowed to find the essence of the phenomenon, Lead students to miss the opportunity to observe the essence of the phenomenon. In view of these phenomena, we give examples of the observation and guidance of the “fog” simulation experiment, volcanic eruption experiment and the “dissolution” experiment essence in order to arouse teachers’ attention and reference in teaching.