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90年代以来委内瑞拉为振兴石油工业、恢复经济,逐步修改了原来封闭的石油政策,推出了一系列重大的开放油气工业上下游的举措。其中包括:在下游部门实行“国际化战略”;在上游吸引外资对奥里诺科重油带进行“战略联合”开发,对边际油田进行二次开发,对新区采用利润分成合同制进行勘探开发;寻求制定合理的法律框架、价格政策和财税制度,吸引外资全面参与天然气工业。开放政策给委内瑞拉石油工业带来了油气储产量增长、重油资源开发利用等五个方面的成效。展望未来,解除了政策束缚的委内瑞拉石油工业将步入新的发展时期,有可能实现其新的十年发展规划所制定的目标,使委内瑞拉再现雄风,成为拉美最重要的产油国。
Since the 1990s, Venezuela has revitalized the oil industry and restored the economy. It has gradually revised its original closed oil policy and launched a series of major measures to open up and down the oil and gas industry. These include: Implementing an “internationalization strategy” in the downstream sectors; Attracting foreign investment in the upper reaches to carry out “strategic joint development” of the Orinoco heavy oil zone, secondary development of marginal oil fields, exploration and development of the new district using a profit-sharing contract system; Seek to formulate a reasonable legal framework, pricing policy and fiscal and taxation system to attract foreign investment in the natural gas industry. The opening policy has brought about five achievements in the oil industry in Venezuela, including the growth of oil and gas reserves and the development and utilization of heavy oil resources. Looking ahead, the Venezuela oil industry, which has lifted policy constraints, will enter a new period of development, and it is possible to achieve the goals set by its new 10-year development plan, which will enable Venezuela to reproduce its prestige and become the most important oil-producing country in Latin America.