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目的探讨大气污染对学龄前儿童DNA损伤的影响。方法分别于2014年11月30日和2015年6月30日在长沙市和海口市两地各采集50位学龄前儿童口颊细胞进行微核试验,分析其微核率。并与空气质量指数(AQI)进行相关性分析。结果长沙市2014年11月(冬季)和2015年6月(夏季)空气质量指数(AQI)分别为(98.4±55.3)和(51.6±12.1),差异有统计学意义(t=2.711,P<0.01)。海口市的AQI分别为(40.8±13.6)和(25.1±12.8),差异有统计学意义(t=2.153,P<0.05)。长沙市夏季和冬季AQI均高于海口市,差异有统计学意义(t=2.276,P<0.05;t=2.903,P<0.01)。长沙市学龄前儿童冬季和夏季微核试验的微核率(%)分别为(2.91±1.98)和(1.85±1.52),差异有统计学意义(t=2.305,P<0.05);海口市学龄前儿童冬季和夏季微核试验的微核率(%)分别为(1.92±0.74)和(1.71±1.33),差异无统计学意义(t=1.356,P>0.05);长沙市学龄前儿童冬季和夏季的微核试验的微核率均高于海口市,但是仅在冬季差异有统计学意义(t=2.107,P<0.05)。口颊细胞微核试验微核率与大气污染程度AQI呈正相关(r=0.811,P=0.000)。结论不同地区、同一地区不同季节,学龄前儿童的微核率存在差异,大气污染可能是造成学龄前儿童DNA损伤主要原因。
Objective To investigate the effect of air pollution on DNA damage in preschool children. Methods 50 cheek cells from preschool children were collected on November 30, 2014 and June 30, 2015 in Changsha City and Haikou City for micronucleus test. The micronucleus rate was analyzed. And the air quality index (AQI) correlation analysis. Results The air quality index (AQI) of Changsha in November 2014 (winter) and June 2015 (summer) were (98.4 ± 55.3) and (51.6 ± 12.1) respectively, with statistical significance (t = 2.711, P < 0.01). The AQI in Haikou City was (40.8 ± 13.6) and (25.1 ± 12.8) respectively, with a significant difference (t = 2.153, P <0.05). The AQI in summer and winter in Changsha was higher than that in Haikou, the difference was statistically significant (t = 2.276, P <0.05; t = 2.903, P <0.01). The micronucleus rate (%) in preschool children’s winter and summer micronucleus test in Changsha was (2.91 ± 1.98) and (1.85 ± 1.52) respectively, with statistical significance (t = 2.305, P <0.05) The micronucleus rate (%) in the pre-children’s micronucleus test in winter and summer were (1.92 ± 0.74) and (1.71 ± 1.33) respectively, with no significant difference (t = 1.356, P> 0.05) And the micronucleus rate of micronucleus test in summer were higher than those in Haikou city, but the differences were only significant in winter (t = 2.107, P <0.05). The micronucleus rate of cheek buccal micronucleus test was positively correlated with the degree of air pollution AQI (r = 0.811, P = 0.000). Conclusion There are differences in the micronucleus rate of preschool children in different regions and regions in different seasons. Air pollution may be the main cause of DNA damage in preschool children.