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碳酸酐酶9(carbonic anhydrase IX,CAIX)是新发现的碳酸酐酶家族异构体之一,是由酸性氨基酸组成的跨膜糖蛋白,在调控细胞增殖、转化方面有重要作用。它能催化CO2水解为碳酸和水,参与机体的酸碱平衡,调节细胞内外pH值,有利于肿瘤的生长和转移。CAIX位于VHL肿瘤抑制基因的下游,由HIF-1途径激活,在正常组织中表达极低,在肾细胞癌中高度表达,是其特异性抗原。CAIX的表达水平可预测肾癌患者对白介素-2治疗的反应和生存期,CAIX低表达是不良预后因素。近年来对CAIX相应抗体的研究取得了很大进展,131I标记的MAbG250在肾癌组织中具有高摄取率和高蓄积率,可对肾癌进行放射性核素显像,用来诊断肾癌;131I标记的cG250MAb用于治疗晚期肾癌,已显示其安全性和有效性。肾细胞癌CAIX的高度特异性表达使其成为肿瘤疫苗潜在的靶抗原和肾癌治疗的重要靶位,在肾癌靶向治疗方面的应用前景广阔。
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is one of the newly discovered carbonic anhydrase family isomers. It is a transmembrane glycoprotein composed of acidic amino acids and plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation and transformation. It can catalyze the hydrolysis of carbon dioxide into carbon dioxide and water, participate in the body’s acid-base balance, regulate the pH value inside and outside cells, is conducive to tumor growth and metastasis. CAIX is located downstream of the VHL tumor suppressor gene and is activated by the HIF-1 pathway. Its expression is extremely low in normal tissues and highly expressed in renal cell carcinomas, which is its specific antigen. The expression level of CAIX can predict the response and survival of patients with renal cell carcinoma to interleukin-2 treatment, and the low expression of CAIX is a poor prognostic factor. In recent years, great progress has been made in the research on the corresponding antibody of CAIX. The 131I-labeled MAbG250 has a high uptake rate and a high accumulation rate in renal cancer tissues and can perform radionuclide imaging on renal cancer to diagnose kidney cancer. 131I The labeled cG250MAb has been shown to be safe and effective for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma. The highly specific expression of CAIX in renal cell carcinoma makes it a potential target antigen for tumor vaccines and an important target for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma and has broad application prospects in the targeted therapy of renal cell carcinoma.