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目的分析老年人咳嗽的分类与临床特征。方法收集以咳嗽为首发症状就诊并符合咳嗽诊疗指南的老年患者174例并回顾性分析。结果急性咳嗽116例,亚急性咳嗽25例,慢性咳嗽33例。咳嗽病因:感冒咳嗽66.1%,慢性支气管炎10.3%,哮喘4.6%。X线胸片有明确病变3.5%,无明确病变15.5%(诊断不明2.3%)。全部患者做血常规及胸片检查。选择做CT、支气管镜、食道钡透、肺炎支原体抗体检查及经验性治疗和病因诊断性治疗后确诊率分别为15.2%、3%、33.3%、0、36.4%。结论感冒诱发的急性咳嗽和X线胸片无明确病变的慢性咳嗽是老年人咳嗽的主要因素。
Objective To analyze the classification and clinical features of cough in the elderly. Methods A total of 174 elderly patients with cough as the first symptom and cough treatment guidelines were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Results Acute cough in 116 cases, subacute cough in 25 cases, 33 cases of chronic cough. Cough cause: cold cough 66.1%, chronic bronchitis 10.3%, asthma 4.6%. X-ray showed a clear 3.5% lesions, no clear lesions 15.5% (2.3% unknown). All patients to do blood tests and chest X-ray examination. Choose to do CT, bronchoscopy, barium esophageal, mycoplasma pneumoniae antibody examination and empirical treatment and diagnosis of etiological diagnosis rates were 15.2%, 3%, 33.3%, 0,36.4%. Conclusions Acute cough induced by cold and chronic cough with no definite pathological changes on X-ray are the main causes of cough in the elderly.