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“我要么臭名昭著,要么刘芳百世”迪克斯年轻时曾这样定义自己,事实证明他两者都做到了。奥托迪克斯(1891——1969)是20世纪德国最具代表性的艺术家之一,他生活和创作的时代是欧洲文化艺术史剧烈变化的时代,而迪克斯本人也是一个相对高产的艺术家,其作品囊括油画、版画、水彩等材料,创作的题材在当时乃至于现在都有着匡正时弊、揭露人类黑暗的批判意义。迪克斯在1965年的一次采访中关于自己对新客观主义的看法时说:“事实上究竟谁是真正客观的?是否真的存在真正客观的艺术家?我的作品在那时被称作客观,重点是因为题材与材料的关系。”1一战结束后迪克斯的题材倾向战后德国畸形的社会现象和更加残酷的战争结束场面,具有强烈的社会批判意义,而用夸张扭曲变形的手法来描绘战后面目各异又缺乏安全感的心理是艺术家展现的真实的部分。目前,国内研究德国表现主义文学艺术的文献不在少数,从德国文化历史层面分析表现主义艺术的成因到由表现主义文学荒诞讽刺手法展现的社会批判意义,其中表现主义绘画的研究以德国表现主义早期的“桥社”与“青骑士”为主,对于“新客观主义”绘画的研究并不多见。本论文以迪克斯的代表性作品进行系统分析,解读其人物肖像中的情感表现与批判意义。
“I’m notorious, or Liu Fang Baisi ” Dix had defined himself as a young man, proved to have done both of them. One of the most representative artists in Germany in the 20th century, Otto Dix (1891-1969), whose era of living and creation was an era of drastic changes in the history of European culture and art, was also a relatively high-yield artist, His works include oil painting, printmaking, watercolor and other materials. At the time and even now, the theme of his writing has rectified the shortcomings and exposed the critical significance of human darkness. In an interview in 1965, Dix said his view of neo-objectivism: “In fact, who is really objectified? Is there really a real objective artist? My work was then called an objective , Mainly because of the relationship between the subject and the material. ”1 After the end of World War I, Dix’s theme tended to post-war Germany’s abnormal social phenomenon and the brutal war ended with a strong social critique, but with exaggeration distorted Means to depict the different postwar personality and lack of sense of security is a real part of the artist. At present, there are not many literatures about studying German expressionist literature and art in China, from the cultural and historical aspects of Germany to the analysis of the causes of expressionist art and the social critical significance manifested by the absurd and satire of expressionist literature. The study of expressionist painting takes the early stage of German Expressionism “Bridge Society ” and “Green Knight ” mainly for “new objectivism ” painting research is rare. This dissertation systematically analyzes Dix’s representative works and interprets the emotional and critical meanings of his portraits.