Evaluation of virus-specific cellular immune response in transplant patients

来源 :World Journal of Virology | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:zmdwfh2008
下载到本地 , 更方便阅读
声明 : 本文档内容版权归属内容提供方 , 如果您对本文有版权争议 , 可与客服联系进行内容授权或下架
论文部分内容阅读
Virus-specific immune responses have a major impact on the outcome of the infection. Viral agents that are characterized by latency, such as herpesviruses and polyomaviruses, require a continuous immune control to reduce the extent of viral reactivation, as viral clearance cannot be accomplished, independently from the anti-viral treatment. In transplant patients, morbidity and mortality related to viral infections are significantly increased. In fact, the key steps of activation of T-cells are major target for anti-rejection immunosuppressive therapy and anti-viral immune response may be altered when infected cells and cellular effectors of immune response coexist in a transplanted organ. The role of cellular immune response in controlling viral replication and the main methods employed for its evaluation will be discussed. In particular, the main features, including both advantages and limitations, of available assays, including intracellular cytokine staining, major histocompatibility complex- multimer-based assays, Elispot assay, and Quanti FERON test, will be described. The potential applications of these assays in the transplant context will be discussed, particularly in relation to cytomegalovirus and polyomavirus BK infection. The relevance of introducing viro-immunological monitoring, beside virological monitoring, in order to identify the risk profile for viral infections in the transplant patients will allows for define a patient-tailored clinical management, particular in terms of modulation of immunosuppressive therapy and anti-viral administration. Virus-specific immune responses have a major impact on the outcome of the infection. Viral agents that are characterized by latency, such as herpesviruses and polyomaviruses, require a continuous immune control to reduce the extent of viral reactivation, as viral clearance can not be accomplished, independently from the anti-viral treatment. In transplant patients, morbidity and mortality related to viral infections are significantly increased. In fact, the key steps of activation of T-cells are major target for anti-rejection immunosuppressive therapy and anti-viral immune response may be altered when infected cells and cellular effectors of immune response coexist in a transplanted organ. The role of cellular immune response in controlling viral replication and the main methods employed for its evaluation will be discussed. and limitations, of available assays, including intracellular cytokine staining, major histocompatibili ty complex-multimer-based assays, Elispot assay, and Quanti FERON test, will be described. The relevance applications introducing these assays in the transplant context will be discussed, particularly in relation to cytomegalovirus and polyomavirus BK infection. The relevance of introducing viro- immunological monitoring, beside virological monitoring, in order to identify the risk profile for viral infections in the transplant patients will allow for define a patient-tailored clinical management, particular in terms of modulation of immunosuppressive therapy and anti-viral administration.
其他文献
故乡的云白生生,薄如我的梦,轻似她的纱巾。小河波光荡恋情,老槐树香醉了云一朵,古桥上的小车如梭织一河乡音。
初中阶段是学生学习地理知识的关键时期,在这个时期注重学生自主学习能力的提高对其未来的地理学习具有重要意义。所以在初中地理教学中,老师应该密切关注学生地理课程学习现
近年来,华人在一些国际性的教育评价项目,如TIMSS、PISA等的表现逐渐引起世人的关注,回顾和审视华人数学教育学术研究的发展历程,对其所取得的成果以及存在的问题进行交流与反思,
《中国医学创新》杂志是中华人民共和国卫生部主管,《中国医学创新》杂志社编辑出版的国家一类医学科技综合性学术期刊。本刊已被万方数据数字化期刊群、中国核心期刊(遴选)
从《甲申三百年祭》谈起甲申之年,我们会很自然的想起郭沫若在60年前所写的《甲申三百年祭》这篇著名的史论,同时也会想起毛泽东如何格外看重这篇史论,把它确定为当时延安整
近年来,对不同注视性质的斜视与弱视,在治疗方法的选择及疗效的估计上,日益被人们重视。进行这方面的检查,对指导治疗方法及提高疗效是有其实用意义的。为此,我们特将1982年
克莱斯勒悍马在海湾战争中出尽风头,堪称一匹剽悍的疯马,在战场上被称为众车之星。战争结束后,无用武之地的悍马脱下戎装,喷上各色油漆,照样雄赴赴气昂昂地跑上大街,立马让
角膜上皮糜烂常继发于外伤,但也可由前基底膜营养不良(简为 ABMD)所致。后者是一种双眼的前弹力层和角膜上皮基底细胞之间的显性遗传性病变。此种病理学改变只有通过高倍角
【摘要】初听意识一词很抽象,但是经过反复研究论证、具体实践,慢慢地我体会到了意识的重要性。首先意识可以起到一个暗示的作用——我能行,让你遇到任何高难动作都不会有抵触和害怕的心理,让你很有底气地去学习新东西;其次意识可以引导、控制身体的运动模式,使得本体所发出的动作质感发生变化;再有它还可以扩散你本身对动作的理解,从而你的大脑会变成“多线程”运转,加大你的想象空间,空间越大脑子转得越快越灵活。成熟的
有效指导学生在记叙文中塑造血肉丰满的人物,成为当前在初中作文教学中不可回避的重大课题。研究写人技法并让学生掌握,对提升学生的写作水平,具有重要的现实意义。本文通过