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目的 探索防止涵闸引水灌溉扩散钉螺新技术。方法 运用流体力学、生物学进行跨学科研究和应用及实验室和现场相结合的方法 ,形成钉螺水力学及新的方法学特色的技术路线。在取得表达钉螺水力生物力学特征及其运动规律、物理参数、实用公式、沉降、起动流速值域的基础上 ,进而运用于现场涵闸防止钉螺扩散工程的设计、兴建及效果考核。结果 经过 5年多的努力 ,确定了测定钉螺、螺卵重率的方法并测得钉螺的平均重率 (1.80± 0 .0 1) g/cm3 ,螺卵的平均重率 (2 .2 9±0 .0 1) g/cm3 ;确立了钉螺壳形几何特征的分级法及分级标准 ,即按钉螺的螺体小、中、大进行了Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级分级 ;获得了表达钉螺静、动水沉速及起动流速的 6个特征值 ;建立了钉螺水体沉降、起动 5类实用公式 ;观察和测定了水体钉螺的水力运动特征及值域 ;阐明了水体钉螺扩散运动机理 ;并根据基础研究的结果 ,研制了“沉螺池”和“中层取水”防止钉螺扩散设施 ,经考核该工程设施沉、阻螺率达10 0 %。结论 本研究可为大江大河防止钉螺扩散及对涵闸的改建提供理论依据和实用、有效的防螺工程模式
Objective To explore a new technology to prevent the proliferation of snails in culvert gates and diversion irrigation. Methods Using interdisciplinary research and application of fluid mechanics and biology and the combination of laboratory and field methods, a technical route of snail hydraulics and new methodological features is formed. On the basis of expressing the hydraulic biomechanics characteristics of snail and its movement law, physical parameters, practical formula, settlement and starting flow rate, it is applied to the design, construction and effectiveness evaluation of on-site culvert sluice prevention. Results After more than five years’ hard work, the method of determining the weight of snails and spiro eggs was established and the average weight of snails (1.80 ± 0.01) g / cm3 and the average weight of spiro eggs ± 0 .0 1) g / cm3. The grading method and grading standards of the morphological characteristics of Oncomelania hupensis were established. The grading of Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ was performed according to the small, , Water sedimentation rate and initial flow rate. Five types of practical formulas for settlement and start-up of snail water body were established. The hydraulic movement characteristics and value range of snail body were observed and measured. The mechanism of snail diffusion was clarified. According to Based on the results of basic research, “Solen-pool” and “middle-layer water extraction” have been developed to prevent the spread of snail. After examination, the sinking rate and the snail resistance rate reached 10%. Conclusion This study can provide a theoretical basis for the prevention of snail spread and the reconstruction of culverts in major rivers and practical and effective non-spiral project mode