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保罗·利科(Paul Ricoeur,1913—)是当代法国哲坛上最为活跃的哲学家之一,和海德格尔、伽达默尔并称现代解释学的三位大师。他继承了现象学传统,又用结构主义、精神分析和符号学等补充和发展了海德格尔和伽达默尔的哲学解释学,力图使解释学达到本体论、认识论和方法论的统一。利科的哲学经历了一个从现象学到解释学的发展过程,但利科并没有抛弃现象学,而是将解释学嫁接在现象学上,现象学和解释学在利科那里有着不可分的血缘关系。人学理论是利科哲学的一个重要组成部分,与哲学体系从现象学向解释学转变的过程相伴随,利科的人学理论也经历了一个从意志现象学向文化解释学的发展过程。在意志哲学中,利科探讨了人的意志和非意志因素、人的实在的特性、恶的伦理观等问题;在文化解释学中,利科对自由和价值的关系也作了精辟的阐释。本文打算对利科这位解释学大师的人学理论作一粗浅的考察,以利于我们对利科哲学的全面了解。
Paul Ricoeur (1913-) is one of the most active philosophers in contemporary French philosophy, and Heidegger, Gadamer, and the three masters of modern hermeneutics. He inherited the phenomenological tradition, but also supplemented and developed Heidegger and Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics with structuralism, psychoanalysis and semiotics in an attempt to make hermeneutics reach the unity of ontology, epistemology and methodology. Ricoeur’s philosophy has undergone a process of development from phenomenology to hermeneutics. However, Ricoeur did not abandon phenomenology, but grafted hermeneutics on phenomenology. Phenomenology and hermeneutics have an indelible line of blood in Ricoeur relationship. Theory of human learning is an important part of Ricoeur’s philosophy, which is accompanied by the transition of philosophy system from phenomenology to hermeneutics. Ricoeur’s theory of human learning also goes through a process of development from volition phenomenology to cultural hermeneutics. In the philosophy of will, Ricoeur explored issues such as human will and non-consensual factors, man’s real traits, evil ethics, etc. In the cultural hermeneutics, Ricoeur also explained the relationship between freedom and value . This article intends to make a superficial examination of Lehigh’s interpretation of guru’s theory of human learning in order to facilitate our comprehensive understanding of Livh’s philosophy.