用爆破方法回采坚硬矿岩的缺点之一是炮孔损失。现代露天矿大量崩矿时的炮孔损失平均为10～14%,而在雨季或春季的融雪期常增至50%以上。炮孔损失的原因有许多,但主要(87%)是孔壁和孔口崩塌。露天矿崩矿虽然广泛采用先进的多排爆破法,但对炮孔损失的变化规律仍研究得很少,这就有碍于制定预防炮孔损失的措施。 One of the drawbacks of using blasting methods to recover hard rock is the loss of shots. The average loss of blast holes in modern open-pit mines collapses 10 ~ 14% on average, but increases more than 50% during the snowmelt season in rainy season or spring. There are many reasons for the loss of blast hole, but the main (87%) is the collapse of the hole wall and orifice. Although the opencast mine is widely used advanced multi-row blasting method, the law of the variation of the shotcrete hole is still poorly studied, which hinders the development of measures to prevent the loss of the shothole.