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全氟磺酸膜(“耐氟昂”)是最先工业化生产的全氟型离子交换膜:它具有突出的耐氧化性。目前已成功地用于电解氯化钠制备氢氧化钠。全氟磺酸膜虽有不少优点,但是性能还不够理想,主要是电流效率低。这是由于膜中的磺酸基具有很强的亲水性,可使阴极室的氢氧根向阳极室逆扩散,从而使电流效率降低。为了改进膜的性能,我们曾采用全氟磺酸(Na型)膜含浸丙烯酸,苯乙烯和二乙烯基苯,制备改性的全氟磺酸膜,以阻止氢氧根扩散。结合测定交换容量,含水率和扩散系数等,来研究含浸液组成对膜性能的影响。并根据电解氯化钠制备氢氧化钠的试验结果,比较了改性膜和未经改性膜的性能。
Perfluorosulfonic acid membrane (“Fluoride resistant”) is the first industrially produced perfluorinated ion exchange membrane: it has outstanding oxidation resistance. Has been successfully used for the electrolysis of sodium chloride to produce sodium hydroxide. Perfluorosulfonic acid membrane, although many advantages, but the performance is not ideal, mainly low current efficiency. This is due to the strong hydrophilicity of the sulfonic acid groups in the membrane, which allows the cathodic compartment’s hydroxyl diffusion to reverse, thereby reducing the current efficiency. In order to improve the performance of the membrane, we have used perfluorosulfonic acid (Na type) membrane impregnated with acrylic acid, styrene and divinylbenzene to prepare a modified perfluorosulfonic acid membrane to prevent the diffusion of hydroxide. Combined with the determination of exchange capacity, water content and diffusion coefficient to study the influence of the composition of the impregnation solution on the membrane performance. According to the experimental results of sodium hydroxide prepared from electrolytic sodium chloride, the properties of modified and unmodified membranes were compared.