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湖北省郧西县白龙洞是20世纪70年代发现的一处重要的中更新世古人类遗址,先后经过4次正式发掘,除出土7枚直立人牙齿化石和60余件石制品外,还有2件骨制品和29种伴生哺乳动物化石。本文对白龙洞洞穴发育进行分析,对堆积物的粒度、磁化率、粘土矿物、氧化物和哺乳动物群等进行分析和测试。结果表明,白龙洞发育起始于上新统沙坪组碳酸盐岩和下伏中元古界武当山群变质岩系不整合接触面,洞穴围岩为沙坪组砾岩、藻灰岩和生物格架灰岩;洞穴发育初期由沿不整合面渗流的裂隙水引起,之后垂直渗流为溶蚀的主要方式。洞穴堆积物主要为红色粘土,形成于北亚热带-暖温带温暖湿润环境,堆积物充填早期气候相对较为干凉,后期逐渐转为相对温暖湿润的森林草原环境,动植物资源繁盛,有利于古人类生存和活动。白龙洞古人类生存环境的研究对揭示鄂西-三峡地区中更新世古人类生存环境背景具有重要意义。
Bailongdong, Yunxi County, Hubei Province, was an important mid-Pleistocene human site discovered in the 1970s. It has been formally excavated four times in succession. In addition to unearthed seven erected fossil teeth and more than 60 pieces of stone products, there are 2 Bone products and 29 associated mammalian fossils. This paper analyzes the development of Bailong Cave caves and analyzes and tests the size, magnetic susceptibility, clay minerals, oxides and mammalian groups of the sediments. The results show that the development of Bailong Cave started from the unconformity interface between the Upper Pleistocene Shaping Formation carbonate rocks and the Lower Proterozoic Wudang Group metamorphic rocks, and the surrounding rock of the Shaping Formation is conglomerate, algal limestone and biological Lattice limestone; the initial development of caves is caused by fissure water seepage along the unconformity surface, and then vertical seepage is the main way of erosion. The cave deposits are mainly red clay, formed in the warm and humid environment of northern subtropics and warm temperate zone. The early filling of sediments is relatively dry and cool, while the latter is gradually converted into a relatively warm and humid forest and grassland environment. The flora and fauna are prosperous and are favorable to ancient humans Survival and activities. The research on the living environment of the ancients in Bailongdong is of great significance to reveal the background of the Pleistocene living environment of the Middle Pleistocene in western Hubei and the Three Gorges area.