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为了解普通小麦与山羊草属的杂交F1代的育性、细胞遗传学表现及育种利用潜力,以普通小麦7182和丰优1718为母本,分别以卵穗山羊草SY163和离果山羊草SY119为父本进行杂交,对杂交F1代的生育特性、染色体构型、田间条锈病抗性、F1自交和回交结实性等进行了分析。结果表明,F1代植株生长势较强,株型倾向母本,成熟期穗子易断,壳硬;杂交F1代高度不育,花粉可育率1.26%~3.54%,回交结实率2.08%~5.26%,仅普通小麦/卵穗山羊草自交结实,但结实率最高仅为0.25%。7182/SY163、7182/SY119、丰优1718/SY163、丰优1718/SY119杂交F1代花粉母细胞减数分裂中期I的染色体构型平均分别为31.11I+1.90II+0.03III、20.04I+7.45II+0.02III、30.08I+2.40II+0.04III、22.37I+6.30II+0.01III,说明普通小麦与2种山羊草杂交亲和性差,且可交配性主要由山羊草基因决定。田间条锈病抗性鉴定结果显示,F1代均对条锈菌混合小种高抗或免疫,这对于丰富小麦抗病基因资源有重要意义。
In order to understand the fertility, cytogenetics and potential of breeding of F1 hybrid between common wheat and Aegilops, wheat 7182 and Fengyou 1718 were used as female parent, respectively, with ovale goat SY163 and goat grass SY119 F1 hybrids were used as parents to analyze the fertility, chromosome configuration, resistance to field stripe rust, F1 selfing and backcrossing compaction. The results showed that F1 plants grew stronger and the plant type tended to be female parents, and the ears were easily broken and shell hard at maturity. The F1 generation was highly sterile, the pollen fertility rate was 1.26% ~ 3.54% and the backcrossing rate was 2.08% 5.26%, only common wheat / oval Aegilops sativa self-fruiting, but the highest seed setting rate was only 0.25%. The chromosome configurations of meiosis metaphase I of F1 pollen mother cells from 7182 / SY163, 7182 / SY119, Fengyou 1718 / SY163 and Fengyou 1718 / SY119 were 31.11I + 1.90II + 0.03III, 20.04I + 7.45 II + 0.02III, 30.08I + 2.40II + 0.04III, 22.37I + 6.30II + 0.01III, indicating that the compatibility of common wheat with two kinds of goat grass is poor, and the compatibility is mainly determined by the gene of goat grass. The identification of field stripe rust resistance showed that the F1 generation was highly resistant or immune to stripe rust mixed races, which is of great significance for enriching wheat disease resistance gene resources.