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殷墟保护与民生发展之间的矛盾,反映出我们的文物保护制度虽然制定了很好的文物保护措施,但是一遇到与经济建设的矛盾,与居民生产生活的矛盾,与开发利用的矛盾,执行起来却显得软弱无力。好的制度要落到实处,产生实效,应当尽可能依靠各个参与方的自觉履约而不是行政命令实现个体理性与集体目标的一致,才能大大降低制度运行成本和监督成本。完善的文物产权管理制度是重要基础。考古遗址属于国家所有,国有遗址的核心是土地。土地问题涉及国家土地与财政体制,应当在国家层面上统筹协调,而不是全部推给地方政府。对于殷墟这样的遗址,对于长期为遗址保护做出牺牲的村民们,国家应该有所作为。
The contradiction between the protection of Yin Ruin and the development of people’s livelihood reflects that although our system of cultural relic protection has formulated very good protection measures for cultural relics, once we encounter the contradictions with the economic construction, the contradictions with the residents’ production and life, and the contradictions with the development and utilization, However, it seems weak. A good system should be implemented in a down-to-earth manner and be effective. We should rely on the voluntary compliance of all participating parties rather than the administrative order to achieve the unity of individual rationality and collective objectives so as to greatly reduce the operating costs of the system and supervise the costs. A sound heritage property management system is an important foundation. Archeological sites belong to the state, the core of state-owned sites is the land. Land issues involving the state land and the financial system should be coordinated at the national level rather than all of them to local governments. For sites such as Yinxu, the state should do something to the villagers who sacrificed for the long-term protection of the site.