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14、15世纪,欧洲资本主义工商业开始萌芽并发展,逐渐引起社会的重大变革。欧洲发生文艺复兴运动,这是资本主义经济发展在精神文化领域的反映,是欧洲第一次思想解放运动。17、18世纪,世界历史的发展继承了前一时期的转折和变化,向着更为深广的方向发展。英国爆发了资产阶级革命,为资本主义制度的确立开辟了道路。在社会巨变的大潮中,欧洲政治思想领域出现了启蒙运动,为资本主义社会提供了一套政治构想。在法国,爆发了大革命,摧毁了封建专制统治,为资产阶级掌握政权开辟了道路。在北美英属殖民地,建立了新兴的美国。这一时期的政治民主化斗争主要表现为资产阶级领导人民群众反对专制王权和封建特权的斗争,结果推翻了各国的封建专制和等级制度,资产阶级上升为统治阶级,资产阶级民主政治制度得以确立。在工业革命的推动下,19世纪六七十年代,资产阶级革命与改革运动在世界许多地区展开,美国、德意志、意大利、俄国和日本等国家通过不同方式,走上了迅速发展资本主义的道路。这一时期主要表现为工业资产阶级通过斗争享有了政治权利,资产阶级民主政治体制进一步扩展。
In the 14th and 15th centuries, capitalist industry and commerce in Europe began to sprout and develop, gradually causing major social changes. The Renaissance Movement in Europe is a reflection of the development of capitalist economy in the field of spiritual culture, and is the first European liberation movement. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the development of world history inherited the transitions and changes of the previous period and developed in a more extensive and broad direction. The outbreak of the bourgeois revolution in Britain opened the way for the establishment of the capitalist system. In the tide of great changes in society, the Enlightenment Movement emerged in the field of European political thought and provided a set of political ideas for the capitalist society. In France, the Great Revolution broke out and destroyed the feudal and authoritarian rule, paving the way for the bourgeoisie to control power. In the North American British colony, the emerging United States was established. The struggle for political democratization in this period mainly manifested itself in the struggle of the bourgeoisie to lead the masses in opposing the autocratic monarchy and feudal privilege. As a result, the feudal autocracy and hierarchies of various countries were overturned, the bourgeoisie rose to the ruling class, and the bourgeois democratic political system was established. . Driven by the industrial revolution, in the 1960s and the 1970s, the bourgeois revolution and reform movement began in many parts of the world, and the United States, Germany, Italy, Russia, and Japan embarked on the path of rapid development of capitalism through different methods. . This period was mainly manifested in that the industrial bourgeoisie enjoyed political rights through struggle and the bourgeois democratic political system was further expanded.