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煤层顶底板的采动裂隙是煤矿一系列灾害事故发生的根源,对其发育及演化规律的研究对各类灾害事故的防治具有重要意义。论文借助现场超声波成像技术、室内岩石矿物成分分析以及岩石膨胀性实验等手段,分析了影响煤层顶板采动裂隙闭合的相关因素,揭示了顶板隔水层采动裂隙的闭合规律。结果表明:顶板隔水层中的蒙脱石(包括伊/蒙混层)含量越高,其膨胀程度越大;隔水层距煤层顶板的距离越大,膨胀程度亦越大;在不发生顶板结构严重破坏的情况下,当隔水层的体积膨胀率大于采动裂隙的发育率,采动裂隙将实现有效闭合。最后,通过在新安煤田水体下采煤岩体渗透性评价以及神东矿区水资源保护性开采中的工程应用,对顶板采动裂隙的闭合机理进行了验证,并取得了良好的应用效果。
The coal seam roof and floor cracks are the source of a series of disaster accidents in coal mines. The study of its development and evolution has great significance for the prevention and control of various kinds of disaster accidents. The paper analyzes the factors that affect the closure of coal mining roof fracturing by means of on-site ultrasonic imaging technology, indoor rock mineral composition analysis and rock expansibility test, and reveals the closing law of mining roof fracturing. The results show that the higher the content of montmorillonite (including the Iraqi / mixed layer) in the aquifuge is, the greater the swelling degree is. The greater the distance between the aquitard and the roof of coal seam is, the greater the swelling degree is. Under severe structural damage, when the volume expansion rate of the aquitard is greater than that of the mining fractures, the mining fractures will achieve effective closure. Finally, through the appraisal of permeability of mining rock mass under the water of Xin’an coalfield and the engineering application in the protective mining of water resources in Shendong Mining Area, the closed mechanism of roof mining fractures was verified and the good application effect was obtained.