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目的了解海南省贫困地区2016—2017年汉族黎族学生的贫血现况及其与营养状况的关联,为进一步制定中小学生贫血防治措施提供理论依据。方法分层抽取2016年海南省实施“学生营养改善计划”贫困地区的初中和小学各4所,汉族黎族学生1 324人,收集基本信息,并采集空腹静脉血5 mL,分别采用氰化高铁法、高效液相色谱法、液相色谱-串联质谱法检测血清血红蛋白含量、维生素A(视黄醇)水平和血清25-(OH)D水平。结果贫血检出率为6.6%(87人),黎族(9.6%)高于汉族(3.1%)(χ~2=22.810,P<0.01),性别差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.603,P=0.438)。汉族男生、汉族女生、黎族男生、黎族女生4类学生贫血检出率分别为3.7%,2.5%,8.0%,11.3%。小学生与初中生贫血检出率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=3.81,P>0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,消瘦组和维生素A缺乏组与正常组相比均具有更高的罹患贫血的风险(OR值分别为1.847,1.701)。结论海南省贫困地区汉族黎族中小学生的贫血检出率较低,BMI营养状况与贫血的发生存在关联性,未来贫血防治重点应向黎族学生倾斜。
Objective To understand the status of anemia and its relationship with nutritional status of Han nationality students from 2016 to 2017 in poverty-stricken areas of Hainan Province, and to provide theoretical basis for the further development of prevention and treatment measures for anemia among primary and secondary school students. METHODS: Four primary and secondary schools in Hainan Province implementing “Student Nutrition Improvement Program” in 2016 were recruited in layers, and 1 324 Han students from Li ethnic group were recruited to collect basic information and collect 5 mL of fasting venous blood. Cyanide Serum hemoglobin, vitamin A (retinol) and serum 25- (OH) D levels were detected by HSR, HPLC and LC-MS / MS. Results The detection rate of anemia was 6.6% (87 persons), Li people (9.6%) was higher than Han people (3.1%) (χ ~ 2 = 22.810, P <0.01) P = 0.438). The prevalence of anemia in Han, Han, Li and Li girls was 3.7%, 2.5%, 8.0% and 11.3% respectively. There was no significant difference in the detection rate of anemia among primary school students and junior high school students (χ ~ 2 = 3.81, P> 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that both the weight loss group and the vitamin A deficiency group had a higher risk of anemia compared with the normal group (OR = 1.847,1.701, respectively). Conclusions The prevalence of anemia among Han and Li minority students in poor areas of Hainan Province is relatively low. The relationship between BMI nutritional status and anemia is significant. The focus of prevention and treatment of anemia should be inclined to Lebanon students in the future.