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目前研究认为,支气管哮喘是一种慢性特应性气道炎症,即由于各种致病因子(如吸入性过敏原)作用于气道发生一系列炎性改变,包括炎症细胞浸润,主要有肥大细胞、T淋巴细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞。上述炎症细胞活化后,可释放许多炎症介质,作用于支气管,引起气道上皮损伤,微血管通透性增加,血浆外渗和粘膜水肿,气道平滑肌收缩、痉挛乃至增生肥厚,粘液腺分泌增多。这些变化的最终结果是造成气道阻塞、气流受限,临床上出现喘息、呼吸困难等症状。
The current study suggests that bronchial asthma is a chronic atopic airway inflammation, that is due to a variety of pathogenic factors (such as inhalational allergens) in the airway inflammation occurs a series of changes, including inflammatory cell infiltration, mainly hypertrophy Cells, T lymphocytes, eosinophils. After activation of the inflammatory cells, many inflammatory mediators can be released and act on the bronchus causing airway epithelial damage, increased capillary permeability, extravasation of plasma and mucosal edema, contraction of airway smooth muscle, spasms and even hypertrophy and increased secretion of mucous glands. The end result of these changes is airway obstruction, limited airflow, clinical wheezing, dyspnea and other symptoms.