“自由第三格”是德语中常见而又特殊的句子成分,学界对其种类和功能一直存有争议。语言学家从不同的角度或采用各自的方法对这种语言现象进行了考察、分析和探讨,得出了不尽相同的结论。本文拟在语义和语用的层面上对德语“自由第三格”进行梳理分类,通过一定的句法成分检验方法确定并归纳它们的句法功能,力求给德语学习者了解和掌握德语“自由第三格”提供帮助。 “Free third ” is a common and specific sentence in German, the academic community has been controversial on its type and function. Linguists have investigated, analyzed and discussed this linguistic phenomenon from different perspectives or using their own methods and come to different conclusions. This paper intends to sort and classify the German “free third form” at the level of semantics and pragmatics, determine and summarize their syntactic functions through some syntactic component test methods, and strive to understand and master German “ Free third grid ”to help.