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目的:调查广泛性焦虑障碍(GAD)患儿的心理虐待及忽视现状,探讨遭受心理虐待、忽视的GAD患儿行为及自我意识的特点。方法:在湖南省六个地区5~17岁中小学生中抽取9 495名儿童,采用二阶段流行病学调查方法,由对照组及符合诊断标准的GAD组儿童填写儿童自我意识量表、儿童心理虐待与忽视量表,两组家长填写Achenbach儿童行为量表,最后收集资料完整共409人(对照组206人,GAD非受虐组99人,GAD受虐组104人)。结果:GAD组受虐阳性率、心理虐待与忽视量表六个维度分均显著高于对照组(P=0.000);GAD受虐组儿童的内化性行为、外化性行为得分高于GAD非受虐组(P=0.000),自我意识总分及行为、焦虑、合群、幸福等四个因子分比GAD非受虐组低(P=0.000)。结论:心理虐待及忽视在GAD患儿中更普遍、更严重;当心理虐待、忽视与GAD同时存在时,儿童青少年的行为问题更严重,自我意识水平更低。
Objective: To investigate the psychological abuse and neglect status of children with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and to explore the characteristics of children with GAD who are under psychological abuse and neglect. Methods: A total of 9 495 children were enrolled in primary and secondary school students aged 5 ~ 17 in six districts of Hunan Province. Two-stage epidemiological investigation was used to collect children’s self-awareness scale and children’s psychology from control group and GAD group. Abuse and Neglect Scale. Two groups of parents filled out the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist. Finally, a total of 409 people were collected (206 in the control group, 99 in the GAD non-abused group, and 104 in the GAD abused group). Results: The scores of positive rate of abuse, psychological abuse and neglect in GAD group were significantly higher than those of control group (P = 0.000). The scores of internalized behavior and externalized behavior in GAD group were higher than GAD Non-abused group (P = 0.000), self-awareness score and behavioral, anxiety, gregariousness and happiness were lower than GAD non-abused group (P = 0.000). Conclusion: Psychological abuse and neglect are more common and severe in children with GAD. When psychological abuse and neglect coincide with GAD, children and adolescents have more serious behavioral problems and lower self-awareness.