一、国家与政府 (一)关于国家产生的三种理论。 为什么有国家?国家产生的依据是什么?已有的理论主要有两个。一是暴力论。暴力论认为,所谓国家,就是一个阶级统治和压迫另一个阶级的工具。随着生产力的发展,出现了剩余产品,随着剩余产品的出现,就出现了阶级和阶级斗争,作为阶级斗争的需要,国家产生了。国家是为统治阶级服务的,是有鲜明的阶级性的。与此相近的还有一个观点,叫风险规避论,认为在两个人以上的社会,就有矛盾存在,人数越多,矛盾越多,就会形成一个一个的阶级(阶 First, the state and the government (A) on the country produced three theories. Why there are countries? What is the basis for the country to produce? There are two main theories. First, violence theory. The theory of violence holds that the so-called state is a tool by which a class rules and oppresses another class. With the development of productive forces, surplus products emerged, and with the advent of surplus products, class and class struggles emerged. As a result of the class struggle, the state emerged. The state serves the ruling class and has a distinct class. There is also a similar point of view, called risk aversion theory, that there are conflicts in more than two people, the more the number, the more conflicts, will form a class (order