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红树林是一种能够同时适应海洋和陆地的一种特殊植物种类,分布在约30°S~30°SN之间的热带、亚热带海岸和河口交界的潮间带上。红树林的分布除了受自然条件和气候的制约,还受一定程度的人为活动的干扰。本文选取了地貌、气候相似和经济发展不同的中国广西段和越南北部段的2个相邻海岸作为研究区,基于Landsat TM遥感影像,采用监督分类和人工解译的方法,获取了研究区1988、2000和2015年3个时期的红树林分布数据,并对比分析了2个岸段红树林时空转化、景观格局变化及驱动力的差异。研究表明:(1)1988-2015年,中国广西段红树林面积呈增长趋势,2000年比1988年增长18%、2015年比2000年增长了75%;越南北部段先减少后增加,2000年红树林面积比1988年减少了20%,2015年比2000年增加了50%;(2)红树林景观格局方面,中国广西段红树林平均斑块面积相对较小、破碎程度高,斑块形状较规则,趋近于正方形,受人为因素干扰程度较大,而越南北部段红树林斑块面积大、破碎化程度低,斑块呈带状或条状分布,受人为因素干扰的程度较小。(3)主要人为驱动因素方面,影响中国广西段红树林变化的主要人为驱动因素是变化的,1988-2000年以围垦建造养殖池为主,2000-2015年则以城镇用地和工矿建设为主,而越南北部段在1988-2015年一直以围垦养殖池为主。
Mangroves are a species of plant that can adapt to both the ocean and the land and are distributed over intertidal zones bordering the tropical and subtropical coasts and estuaries between about 30 ° S and 30 ° SN. Distribution of mangroves in addition to natural conditions and climate constraints, but also by a certain degree of human disturbance. In this paper, two adjacent coasts of China, Guangxi with different geomorphology, similar climate and different economic development, and two adjacent coasts of northern Vietnam were selected as study area. Based on Landsat TM remote sensing images, the study area was obtained by supervised classification and artificial interpretation. , Mangrove distribution data in three periods from 2000 to 2015 and the differences of driving force and mangrove spatial-temporal transformation, landscape pattern change and driving force in two shores were compared and analyzed. The results show that: (1) From1988to2015, the mangroves area of Guangxi in China showed an increasing trend, increasing by18% compared with1988in 2000 and75% in 2015 compared with 2000; the first decreasing and then increasing in the northern part of Vietnam; The area of mangroves decreased by 20% compared with that in 1988, and increased by 50% in 2015 compared with that in 2000. (2) In terms of the landscape pattern of mangroves, the average area of mangroves in Guangxi was relatively small, with high degree of fragmentation and patch shape Which are more regular and close to the square and disturbed by human factors to a greater extent. However, mangroves in the northern part of Vietnam have a large area of plaques, a low degree of fragmentation, a band-like or strip-like distribution of plaques, and less interference by human factors . (3) In terms of the main anthropogenic factors, the main anthropogenic driving forces that affected the mangrove change in Guangxi in China varied from 1988 to 2000 mainly in reclamation and construction of breeding ponds, mainly in the construction of urban land and industrial and mining construction from 2000 to 2015 While the northern section of Vietnam has been dominated by reclamation ponds in 1988-2015.