评估周围神经损伤的研究已有数百年历史,在20世纪60年代,电生理方法的出现使对粗大的感觉神经和运动神经纤维功能的评估成为可能。这种技术可以重复进行,并被绝大多数病人所接受,且成为一种常规的诊断工具。但其电生理等检查手段只有当周围神经出现严重轴索损伤和脱髓鞘时才能有所体现,尤其对以感觉为主的周围神经损伤,电生理不能做出敏感的诊断。20世纪90年代以后,随着免疫组织化学的深入,皮肤神经活检技术逐渐引起 The study of assessing peripheral nerve injury has been hundreds of years old and in the 1960s the emergence of electrophysiological methods made it possible to assess the function of gross sensory and motor nerve fibers. This technique can be repeated and accepted by the overwhelming majority of patients and becomes a routine diagnostic tool. However, the electrophysiological examination can only be manifested when the peripheral nerves are severely damaged and demyelinated, especially for sensory-induced peripheral nerve injury. Electrophysiology can not make a sensitive diagnosis. After the 90s of the 20th century, with the deepening of immunohistochemistry, skin nerve biopsy technology gradually caused