一、疾病的免疫学基础 免疫系统是人体必备的防御机构,具有识别 “自身”和“异己”及排斥异己的免疫应答功能。它可保护机体抗御病原体,免受有害异物及癌变细胞等致病因子的侵害,清除损伤或衰老细胞,保持自身稳定,执行免疫监视,与神经内分泌系统共同形成网络,相互调控,共同维护和调节机体生理平衡状态。一旦功能失调,应答过高或过低,均将导致免疫病理和相关疾病的发生。 免疫应答过高,可出现传染性(如结核、麻风)或非传染性变态反应(各类过敏反应);免疫 First, the immunological basis of disease Immune system is the body’s essential defense agencies, with the identification of “self” and “alien” and rejection of alien immune response function. It can protect the body against pathogens against harmful foreign bodies and pathogenic factors such as cancer cells damage, removal of damaged or senescent cells, to maintain their own stability, the implementation of immune surveillance, together with the neuroendocrine system to form a network of mutual regulation and control and common maintenance and regulation Physiological balance. Once the dysfunction, the response is too high or too low, will lead to immune pathology and related diseases. Immune response is too high, there may be infectious (such as tuberculosis, leprosy) or non-contagious allergy (all kinds of allergic reactions); immune