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在高层建筑火灾中,对特殊人群(行动不便或残疾人)来说,他们不能使用正常人的紧急疏散通道或不能达到正常人的疏散速度,这样的问题越来越引起了人们的关注。一般有两种方法来解决:一种是利用电梯来逃生的方法,还有一种方法是让他们在避难区等待救援。详细地论述了这两个方法的原理以及相互关系,并对电梯运行的典型模型进行了研究,另外还对电梯的防水、防烟、活塞效应以及避难区设计等方面的问题进行了讨论,目的在于为高层建筑的安全疏散设计提供理论和方法上的指导。
In the high-rise building fire, people can not pay attention to special people (people with mobility problems or disabilities) because they can not use normal emergency evacuation routes or can not reach normal people’s evacuation speed. There are generally two ways to solve this: one is to use the elevator to escape the way, there is another way is to let them in the refuge area waiting for rescue. The principle and relationship of these two methods are discussed in detail. Typical models of elevator operation are studied. The issues of waterproofing, smoke prevention, piston effect and design of refuge area are also discussed. The purpose Is to provide theoretical and methodological guidance for the safe evacuation design of tall buildings.