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宋代是中国历史上号称“郁郁乎文哉”的时代,中华民族的审美文化在宋代达到了一个发展高峰。从审美风格上讲,宋代审美具有浓郁的时代特色。北宋继五代战乱之后得庆升平,但其国势远不如唐代强盛,一直饱受北方党项、契丹、女真等民族的进攻,并且在战争中一败再败。北族日益紧逼,宋朝的国土不断南缩;外患频仍,给宋代人的心理投下了沉重的阴影。国土偏安,人的心理也趋于保守,宋代政治上抑武兴文,剑侠之气让位于儒雅书香,纤细的南国意趣压倒了豪放的北方气度。所以宋代的审美风格也由唐代的雄浑豪放变为深沉内敛、朴澹淡雅,在舒和澄定和幽婉隽雅方面达到了极致。
The Song Dynasty was an era known as “Yuqingwenzazai” in Chinese history. The aesthetic culture of the Chinese nation reached a peak of development in the Song Dynasty. From the aesthetic style, Song Dynasty aesthetic has rich characteristics of the times. After the Five Dynasties and the Five Dynasties, the Northern Song dynasty was promoted to peace and prosperity. However, its national momentum is far less powerful than that of the Tang Dynasty. It has been attacked by ethnic parties such as the Northern Party, the Khitan, the Jurchen and other ethnic groups and has been defeated in the war. Northern ethnic groups are increasingly pressing on and Song’s territory continues to shrink southward. External afflictions frequently cast a heavy shadow on the psychology of the Song Dynasty. Homeland security, people’s psychology tends to be conservative, the political suppression of Wu Xingwen Song Dynasty, swordsman’s atmosphere to allow refined literature, slender Southland overwhelming interest in the North’s arrogance. Therefore, the aesthetic style of the Song Dynasty also changed from the mighty grandiose of the Tang Dynasty to deep introverted, elegant and elegant, reaching the ultimate in comfort and clarity.