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摘要 [目的]为高产、优质小麦新品种华麦6号的推广应用提供理论依据。[方法]分析华麦6号的产量表现、主要特征特征和高产栽培技术,探讨其应用价值。[结果]江苏省大华种业集团有限公司用扬麦13与苏麦6号品种杂交,后代进行严格选择,育成抗病高产小麦新品种华麦6号;与对照扬麦 11相比,在多点鉴定及品比试验、省级中间试验中,华麦 6号增产效果明显;农艺性状优良,穗粒结构协调,播期弹性大,适应性强;抗赤霉病和梭条花叶病且抗倒伏能力强。华麦 6号的栽培技术要点:精细整地,打好高产基础;适期适量播种;科学合理施肥;加强田间管理,防治好病虫草害;及时收获确保丰产丰收等。[结论]华麦 6号具备的抗梭条花叶病的优良特性使其在江苏淮南麦区特别是梭条花叶病重发区有着广阔的应用前景和利用价值。
关键词华麦6号;特征特性;栽培技术
中图分类号S512文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2014)02-00371-03
Abstract [Objective] The aim was to provide a theoretical basis for promotion and application of Huamai No. 6, a new wheat variety with high yield and good quality. [Method] The yield appearance, main characteristics and high yield cultivation technologies of Huamai No. 6, to discuss its use value. [Result] Yangmai 13 and Suami 6 was crossed by Dahua Seed Industry Group of Jiangsu Province, and their generation was selected strictly to bred a new wheat variety Huamai No. 6 with resistance to disease and high yield; compared to control Yangmai 11, during multipoint identification test, variety comparison test and provincial pilot test, Huamai No. 6 showed yield increasing significantly; its agronomic traits was good, grain structure was coordination, sowing date had big resilience, and had strong adaptation; had resistance to fusarium head blight and spindle streak mosaic virus and had strong resistance to lodging. Huamai No. 6’s cultivation points: Fine soil preparation to lay high yield basis; proper quantity sowing at suitable sowing time; scientific and reasonable fertilizer; enhancing field management to control the diseases, pests and weeds; harvesting timely to confirm on high yield. [Conclusion] Huamai No. 6 has good traits of resistance to spindle streak mosaic virus, which makes it has broad use prospect and value in Huainan Wheat Area of Jiangsu, especially in severe occurrence area of spindle streak mosaic virus.
Key words Huamai No, 6; Characteristics; Cultivation technologies
华麦 6号是江苏省大华种业集团有限公司用扬麦13与苏麦6号品种杂交,后代进行严格选择育成的抗梭条花叶病、高产春性小麦新品种。在2009~2013年的江苏省淮南小麦中间试验中表现优良,2013年11月通过江苏省农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号为苏审麦201304,适宜江苏省淮南麦区种植。目前该品种已参加国家长江中下流小麦新品种第2轮区域试验,已申请农业部品种权保护,申请号为20110664.0。
3.1精细整地,打好高产基础前茬作物收获后及时整地,确保整地质量。整地时应掌握宁迟勿烂的原则,避免小麦播种后因土壤通透性差影响根系活力,降低麦苗素质。
3.2适期适量播种华麦 6号播种适期较长,一般在 10月 20日至11月20日均可播种,基本苗掌握在180万~300万株/hm2。在播种适期内,迟播的应相应提高基本苗数。
3.3科学合理施肥根据土壤肥力状况和产量指标确定适宜的施肥量与施肥比例,一般产量6 750 kg/hm2 需施纯氮270 kg/hm2、五氧化二磷135 kg/hm2、氧化钾90 kg/hm2。磷钾肥要深施、早施,以满足小麦生长早期的需要。氮肥施用期应适当后移,并增加后期的投肥量,以增加每穗实粒数和提高千粒重。一般氮肥前、后期的用量比例以 6∶4为宜,基苗肥占60%,拔节孕穗肥占40%,严格控制返青肥用量。
3.4加强田间管理,防治好病虫草害前期争取苗齐、苗匀、苗全、苗壮,搞好冬前及早春化学除草,促根增蘖,保护麦苗安全越冬;中期科学控制群体,以获得合理穗数。在春季返青期的管理上,根据苗情适量施用返青肥,及时清理好田间一套沟,排水降渍;后期注意防治病虫、养根保叶防早衰,以保花增粒,提高粒重。抽穗至齐穗期用准、用好两次药,防治好赤霉病、白粉病等病虫害[1-5]。
4应用前景
几年来的试验和生产实践表明,华麦 6号农艺性状优良,穗粒结构协调,播期弹性大,适应性强;抗赤霉病、抗倒伏能力强,其具备的抗梭条花叶病的优良特性在江苏淮南麦区特别是梭条花叶病重发区有着广阔的应用前景和利用价值。
参考文献
[1] 谢仁康,谢成林,杨永春,等.小麦梭条花叶病发生特点与栽培控制对策[J].江苏农业科学,2006(2):72-73.
[2] 李斌麒,黄昌,陈凤生,等.优质高产小麦新品种苏麦6号[J].麦类作物,1999,19(6):66.
[3] 陈利锋,徐敬友.农业植物病理学(南方本)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2001.
[4] 姚金保,姚国才,杨学明,等.小麦抗梭条花叶病品种的鉴定和选育[J].麦类作物学报,2007,27(2):345-348.
[5] 周凤明,王子明,解晓林,等.高产优质多抗小麦新品种华麦5号的选育与应用[J].江苏农业科学,2012,40(4):112-113.42卷2期陈 春等高产·优质·多抗小麦新品种华麦6号的特征特性与高产栽培技术
关键词华麦6号;特征特性;栽培技术
中图分类号S512文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2014)02-00371-03
Abstract [Objective] The aim was to provide a theoretical basis for promotion and application of Huamai No. 6, a new wheat variety with high yield and good quality. [Method] The yield appearance, main characteristics and high yield cultivation technologies of Huamai No. 6, to discuss its use value. [Result] Yangmai 13 and Suami 6 was crossed by Dahua Seed Industry Group of Jiangsu Province, and their generation was selected strictly to bred a new wheat variety Huamai No. 6 with resistance to disease and high yield; compared to control Yangmai 11, during multipoint identification test, variety comparison test and provincial pilot test, Huamai No. 6 showed yield increasing significantly; its agronomic traits was good, grain structure was coordination, sowing date had big resilience, and had strong adaptation; had resistance to fusarium head blight and spindle streak mosaic virus and had strong resistance to lodging. Huamai No. 6’s cultivation points: Fine soil preparation to lay high yield basis; proper quantity sowing at suitable sowing time; scientific and reasonable fertilizer; enhancing field management to control the diseases, pests and weeds; harvesting timely to confirm on high yield. [Conclusion] Huamai No. 6 has good traits of resistance to spindle streak mosaic virus, which makes it has broad use prospect and value in Huainan Wheat Area of Jiangsu, especially in severe occurrence area of spindle streak mosaic virus.
Key words Huamai No, 6; Characteristics; Cultivation technologies
华麦 6号是江苏省大华种业集团有限公司用扬麦13与苏麦6号品种杂交,后代进行严格选择育成的抗梭条花叶病、高产春性小麦新品种。在2009~2013年的江苏省淮南小麦中间试验中表现优良,2013年11月通过江苏省农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号为苏审麦201304,适宜江苏省淮南麦区种植。目前该品种已参加国家长江中下流小麦新品种第2轮区域试验,已申请农业部品种权保护,申请号为20110664.0。
3.1精细整地,打好高产基础前茬作物收获后及时整地,确保整地质量。整地时应掌握宁迟勿烂的原则,避免小麦播种后因土壤通透性差影响根系活力,降低麦苗素质。
3.2适期适量播种华麦 6号播种适期较长,一般在 10月 20日至11月20日均可播种,基本苗掌握在180万~300万株/hm2。在播种适期内,迟播的应相应提高基本苗数。
3.3科学合理施肥根据土壤肥力状况和产量指标确定适宜的施肥量与施肥比例,一般产量6 750 kg/hm2 需施纯氮270 kg/hm2、五氧化二磷135 kg/hm2、氧化钾90 kg/hm2。磷钾肥要深施、早施,以满足小麦生长早期的需要。氮肥施用期应适当后移,并增加后期的投肥量,以增加每穗实粒数和提高千粒重。一般氮肥前、后期的用量比例以 6∶4为宜,基苗肥占60%,拔节孕穗肥占40%,严格控制返青肥用量。
3.4加强田间管理,防治好病虫草害前期争取苗齐、苗匀、苗全、苗壮,搞好冬前及早春化学除草,促根增蘖,保护麦苗安全越冬;中期科学控制群体,以获得合理穗数。在春季返青期的管理上,根据苗情适量施用返青肥,及时清理好田间一套沟,排水降渍;后期注意防治病虫、养根保叶防早衰,以保花增粒,提高粒重。抽穗至齐穗期用准、用好两次药,防治好赤霉病、白粉病等病虫害[1-5]。
4应用前景
几年来的试验和生产实践表明,华麦 6号农艺性状优良,穗粒结构协调,播期弹性大,适应性强;抗赤霉病、抗倒伏能力强,其具备的抗梭条花叶病的优良特性在江苏淮南麦区特别是梭条花叶病重发区有着广阔的应用前景和利用价值。
参考文献
[1] 谢仁康,谢成林,杨永春,等.小麦梭条花叶病发生特点与栽培控制对策[J].江苏农业科学,2006(2):72-73.
[2] 李斌麒,黄昌,陈凤生,等.优质高产小麦新品种苏麦6号[J].麦类作物,1999,19(6):66.
[3] 陈利锋,徐敬友.农业植物病理学(南方本)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2001.
[4] 姚金保,姚国才,杨学明,等.小麦抗梭条花叶病品种的鉴定和选育[J].麦类作物学报,2007,27(2):345-348.
[5] 周凤明,王子明,解晓林,等.高产优质多抗小麦新品种华麦5号的选育与应用[J].江苏农业科学,2012,40(4):112-113.42卷2期陈 春等高产·优质·多抗小麦新品种华麦6号的特征特性与高产栽培技术