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目的探讨中小学生乙肝疫苗接种后免疫应答状况,为制定有效的乙肝预防措施提供科学依据。方法应用ELISA法测定中、小学生血清三项乙肝感染标志(HBsAg、HBeAg、HBeAb),对三项标志全阴性者再应用时间分辨荧光免疫分析法(TRFIA)测定血清二项感染标志(HBsAb、HBcAb)。结果血清三项感染标志(HBsAg、HBeAg、HBeAb)全阴性者其HBsAb阳性率为81.27%,中学生阳性率为80.27%,小学生阳性率为82.50%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.82,P<0.05)。HBsAb有应答者HBcAb阳性率为5.12%,中学生阳性率为8.82%,小学生阳性率为0.68%,差异有非常显著性(χ2=164.58,P<0.01)。HBsAb无应答者HBcAb阳性率为21.14%,中学生阳性率为19.73%,小学生阳性率为7.68%,差异有非常显著性(χ2=87.70,P<0.01)。HBsAb有应答者和HBsAb无应答者其HBcAb阳性率差异有非常显著性(χ2=313.48,P<0.01)。结论该地区学生HBsAb阳性率较低,免疫效果不理想,小学生HBsAb阳性率较高,中学生HBcAb阳性率较高,提示学生中乙肝疫苗接种需加强和改进。
Objective To investigate the immune response of primary and secondary school students after hepatitis B vaccination and provide a scientific basis for the development of effective hepatitis B prevention measures. Methods HBsAg, HBeAg and HBeAb were detected by ELISA in serum of primary and secondary school students. TRFIA was used to detect the markers of HBeAg, HBcAb ). Results The positive rate of HBsAb was 81.27%, the positive rate of middle school students was 80.27%, the positive rate of primary school students was 82.50% (χ2 = 4.82, P < 0.05). HBsAb responders HBcAb positive rate was 5.12%, high school students 8.82%, primary school students positive rate was 0.68%, the difference was significant (χ2 = 164.58, P <0.01). HBsAb non-responders HBcAb positive rate was 21.14%, high school students was 19.73% positive rate, primary school students was 7.68%, the difference was significant (χ2 = 87.70, P <0.01). HBsAb-positive and HBsAb non-responders HBcAb positive rate difference was significant (χ2 = 313.48, P <0.01). Conclusions The positive rate of HBsAb in this area is low, the immunological effect is not satisfactory, the positive rate of HBsAb in primary school students is high, and the positive rate of HBcAb in secondary school students is high, which suggests that the hepatitis B vaccination should be strengthened and improved.