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Toll样受体家族(TLRs)是天然免疫模式识别系统中的重要组成部分,可以识别多种病原微生物和自身细胞损伤后释放的分子.TLRs可在视网膜的多种细胞中表达,包括小胶质细胞、Müller细胞、星形胶质细胞、视网膜色素上皮细胞和感光细胞等,与相关配体结合后启动细胞内信号转导通路,诱导特异性基因表达,上调共刺激分子表达水平并促进炎性因子的分泌,发挥抗感染作用.此外,这些激活的炎性因子还可以通过调节相关血管生长因子的水平,影响视网膜的病理性新生血管生成.在复杂的视网膜细胞系统中,小胶质细胞是重要的天然免疫细胞,能够发挥免疫监视及修复等作用.TLRs是小胶质细胞识别受体系统中的重要一类,在调节小胶质细胞参与视网膜感染和炎症反应以及视网膜缺血性疾病等中发挥作用.本文就小胶质细胞中TLRs的作用进行综述.“,”Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play crucial roles in the innate immune system by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns derived from various microbes and self-derived molecules derived from damaged cells.TLRs can express in multiple cells in the retina, such as glia cells,retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) as well as photoreceptor ceils.When combined with special ligands,TLRs can initiate intracellular signal transduction pathways, induce specific gene expression, and upregulate the expression of costimulatory molecules as well as stimulate the secretion of inflammatory factors which take part in resisting to infection.Furthermore, these inflammatory factors may have an effect on retinal neovascular diseases via regulating angiogenic growth factors level.Microglia cells are the most important part in retinal innate immune system as they can participate in immune surveillance and tissue repair.Among the recognition receptors of microglia cells,TLRs play a significant role in regulating microglia cells which involved in retinal infection and inflammation as well as ischemic retinal diseases.In this review,we focused on the role of TLRs in microglia cells.