老子之后 ,道家学派大体演变、发展为庄子之学和黄老之学两大系统。它们都对史学发展有所启示和影响。庄子高扬的精神自由和人格独立 ,倡导的“法天贵真”,成为后世史家克服困难、不计得失、义无返顾地撰写历史实录的精神动力。庄子对违反人性的社会黑暗现象的充分揭露 ,对宗法等级制度的有力批判 ,以及由此表现出来的怀疑态度、批判精神和异端性格 ,也不同程度地得到正直史家的认同和承接。庄子的文章风格亦对不少史家有所濡染。宗守老子之说而又融摄儒、墨、名、法诸家学说的道家黄老学派 ,则成为后世史家著史时发扬包容精神和超越意识的一个典范。另外 ,黄老学派对黄帝的依托、推崇 ,也促使史家著史记事起自黄帝 ,尊奉其为中华民族的人文初祖 ,从而影响中国传统史学既深且远 After Lao Tzu, the Taoist school generally evolved into the two systems of Zhuangzi and Huanglaozhi. All of them have enlightenment and influence on the development of history. Chuang Tzu’s heroic spirit of freedom and independence of personality, advocated by the “Dharma days” is a spiritual impetus for the historical historians to overcome difficulties, regardless of gains and losses, write history records without any hesitation. Zhuangzi fully exposed the social darkness that violated human nature. His strong criticism of the hierarchy of the patriarchal clan system, the skepticism, the critical spirit and the heresy character manifested by it were also recognized and accepted by honest historians in varying degrees. Zhuangzi’s style of writing is also influenced by many historians. The Taoist Huang-Lao School, who said Shou-lao’s theory and melted the Confucianism, Mohist school, and the various schools of law, became a model for carrying forward the spirit of inclusion and surpassing consciousness in the history of later generations. In addition, the Huang Lao school relies on the Yellow Emperor, respected, also prompted the historian recorded in history since the Yellow Emperor, honored it as the Chinese nation’s humanities ancestor, thus affecting China’s traditional history both deep and far