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胃食管静脉曲张出血是门静脉高压的常见并发症。药物和内窥镜治疗是静脉曲张的基础治疗。经颈静脉肝内门体静脉分流被推荐用于处理难治性或复发性胃食管静脉曲张出血。当患者存在危及生命的出血风险，而传统治疗风险较高、存在禁忌或效果不理想时，应选择肝移植治疗。传统治疗可以获得短期疗效，甚至可以较长时间稳定病情，但如果这些治疗导致门静脉血栓、肝肾综合征等并发症，则可能危及后期肝移植手术的安全。门静脉压力升高对全身循环存在多种不利影响，可引起肝肺综合征、门脉性肺动脉高压、难治性腹水等，且传统治疗效果不佳，这些问题需要尽早行肝移植治疗。此外在传统治疗实施后，患者身体虚弱仍可能进行性加重，这将明显增加肝移植的风险。终末期肝病模型评分升高后供肝体积需求增加，也影响活体肝移植实施。一部分门静脉高压患者可能存在生命质量不佳，也可能成为肝移植的原因。在实施传统治疗时，应该评估这些肝移植相关问题。改善患者情况、延缓或者控制并发症为目的传统治疗，不应影响后期肝移植的实施。提高门静脉高压患者的远期总体生存率和生命质量是全部治疗的最终标准。“,”Gastroesophageal varices hemorrhage is a common complication of portal hypertension. Drug and endoscopic therapy have become the basic treatments for varices. Transjugular intrahepatic portal venous shunt is recommended for the management of refractory or recurrent variceal hemorrhage. Liver transplantation will be considered when variceal hemorrhage becomes fatal and traditional therapies are with high risk, contraindicated, or have unsatisfactory results. Patients who received traditional treatments can achieve short-term efficacy and even stabilize the disease for a long time. However, if these treatments lead to complications such as portal vein thrombosis and hepatorenal syndrome, it may increase the risk of liver transplantation complications and affect the patient’s prognosis. Elevated portal venous pressure has a variety of adverse effects on systemic circulation, which can cause hepatopulmonary syndrome, portal pulmonary hypertension, refractory ascites, etc. In these cases, liver transplantation should be performed as early as possible. Conventional treatments are unsatisfactory. In addition, frailty may be worsened after traditional treatment, which will significantly increase the risk of liver transplantation. With the increase of model for end-stage liver disease, the requirement for donor liver volume will also has been increased, which will also affect the implementation of living donor liver transplantation. Some patients with portal hypertension may have poor quality of life and it may also become a clinical indication for liver transplantation. These liver transplant-related issues should be evaluated when administering traditional therapies. Traditional therapies aimed at improving the patient's condition, delaying or controlling complications should not interfere with the consequent implementation of liver transplantation. Improving the long-term overall survival rate and quality of life of patients with portal hypertension is the ultimate standard of all treatments.