《不列颠百科全书》把“统计学”定义为“统计学是关于收集和分析数据的科学和艺术.”具体地说:统计学是研究“收集数据、整理数据、分析数据、由数据得出结论”的原理和方法.目前,社会已经进入“大数据”时代,统计的基础知识已经成为每一个公民都应具备的基本素养.~([1])但数据不等于信息,真正有用的信息是隐藏在这些数据之后的关于数据的整体特征的描述及对其发展趋势的预测,也就是数据分析观念.《全日制义务教育数 The Encyclopaedia defines “statistics” as “science and art that collects and analyzes data.” “Specifically, statistics are research” to collect data, organize data, analyze data, At present, society has entered the era of “big data”, the basic knowledge of statistics has become the basic literacy that every citizen should have. ~ ([1]) But the data is not Equally to information, the really useful information is a description of the overall characteristics of the data hidden behind these data and a prediction of its developmental trends, namely, the notion of data analysis. "Full-time compulsory education