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从云南萝芙木(Rauwolfia yunnaensis Tsiang)根的总弱碱性生物碱部分分离出十一种生物碱。其中四种已有报道从同种植物中得到ajmalicine(生物碱Ⅰ)、ajmaline(生物碱Ⅱ)、reserpine(生物碱Ⅲ)和serpentinine(生物碱Ⅶ);两种为初次从该植物中分离出的已知的吲哚生物碱tetraphyllicine(生物碱Ⅸ)和vellosimine(生物碱Ⅺ),两种为新的吲哚生物碱生物碱Ⅳ和生物碱Ⅷ。并根据光谱分析和生物活性比较,提出了它们的化学结构,推论了它们的立体构型,生物碱Ⅳ为19-epi-ajmalicine,生物碱Ⅷ为pseudoreserpine 16、17位立体异构体。 药理实验表明,生物碱Ⅷ具有类似利血平的降压作用,但作用弱、显效快且无中枢镇静作用。 其它三种生物碱(生物碱Ⅹ、生物碱Ⅵ和生物碱Ⅴ)的化学结构有待进一步鉴定。
Eleven alkaloids were isolated from the total weakly basic alkaloid fraction of the root of Rauwolfia yunnaensis Tsiang in Yunnan. Four of them have reported that ajmalicine (alkaloid I), ajmaline (alkaloid II), reserpine (alkaloid III), and serpentinine (alkaloid VII) were obtained from the same plant; two species were isolated from the plant for the first time. The known indole alkaloids tetraphyllicine (alkaloid IX) and vellosimine (alkaloid XI), both of which are novel alkaloid alkaloids IV and alkaloids VIII. Based on spectral analysis and comparison of biological activities, their chemical structures were proposed and their stereoconfigurations were deduced. Alkaloid IV was 19-epi-ajmalicine, and alkaloid VIII was pseudoreserpine 16 and 17 stereoisomers. Pharmacological experiments have shown that alkaloid VIII has antihypertensive effects similar to reserpine, but it has weak effects, rapid efficacy, and no central sedation. The chemical structures of the other three alkaloids (alkaloid X, alkaloid VI, and alkaloid V) are yet to be further identified.