中国是一个文明古国。在漫长的传统社会里，与灿烂的农业文明相适应，创构了一整套发达的政治制度。中国的官僚制度具有典型性和早熟性。“一种酷似现代官僚格局的行政体制一直在逐渐向前演进，有时简直就可以称得上是所有现代官僚制度的原型”①。在相当长的历史时期，中国的 China is an ancient civilized country. In the long tradition of society, it adapts to the splendid agricultural civilization and creates a set of developed political system. China’s bureaucratic system is typical and precocity. “An administrative system resembling the modern bureaucracy has been gradually evolving and can sometimes be regarded as the prototype of all modern bureaucracies.” In quite a long historical period, China’s