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目的:调查内蒙古自治区托克托县饮水型地方性砷中毒病区居民患病情况。方法:选择内蒙古自治区托克托县饮水型地方性砷中毒病区刺猬沟村为调查点，采用横断面调查方法，以常住居民（居住年限≥20年）85人作为砷暴露组，以同期非砷中毒病区和林格尔县兰家夭村58人作为对照组，了解调查对象的一般情况，检测并比较分析两组人群水砷、尿砷、血糖、血脂、血压、肝功能、肾功能、心电图及腹部B超检查结果。砷暴露组按是否出现砷中毒皮肤病变分为患病组和未患病组，分析人群一般情况及血压变化。结果:砷暴露组与对照组人群性别构成、年龄、吸烟、饮酒以及服用维生素和钙片等情况均衡可比，差异无统计学意义（n P均> 0.05）。砷暴露组水砷含量[中位数（四分位数间距）]为163.34（35.34）μg/L、尿砷含量[中位数（四分位数间距）]为269.72（152.54）μg/L；对照组水砷含量为2.96（5.62）μg/L、尿砷含量为24.21（28.63）μg/L。砷暴露组与对照组血糖、血脂比较差异无统计学意义（χn 2 = 0.865、0.886，n P均> 0.05）；砷暴露组肝功能异常、肾功能异常、窦性心律失常、脂肪肝检出率高于对照组（χn 2 = 4.654、4.355、4.725、12.423，n P均 0.05); but liver function, renal function, sinus arrhythmia and fatty liver were significantly different statistically (χ n 2 = 4.654, 4.355, 4.725, 12.423, n P < 0.05); the detection rate of abnormal blood pressure in control group was higher than that of the exposure group (χ n 2 = 16.289, n P < 0.01). Skin lesions occurred in 24 patients (28.24%) in the exposure group and no skin lesions in 61 patients (71.76%). In disease group, 14 cases (58.33%, 14/24) smoked, the proportion of smoking was higher than that of cases in non-disease group(31.15%, 19/61, χ n 2 = 5.360, n P < 0.05); and the prevalence of hypertension (50.00%, 12/24) in cases of disease group was higher than that of cases in non-disease group (26.23%, 16/61, χ n 2 = 4.406, n P < 0.05).n Conclusions:Long-term exposure to arsenic might injure liver function and renal function, and enhance the risk of arrhythmia and fatty liver. Smoking may be a risk factor for skin lesions in residents of drinking water-borne endemic arsenism area.