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目的 :前瞻性研究常用三种宫内节育器(IUD)的临床效果及影响因素。方法 :选取2013年1月1日-2013年6月30日之间来中山市计生中心,自愿要求放置IUD的已婚已育妇女845例为研究对象,采用随机抽样方法将研究对象分为A、B、C三组,A组放置TGu200c IUD,B组放置元宫药铜220IUD,C组放置宫型含铜IUD。置器后1、3、6、12个月分别进行随访。观察放置IUD 12个月后不良停用和不良反应的发生情况,并对其相关因素进行分析。结果 :12个月时B组妇女不良反应发生率、妊娠率、下移或异位率、出血疼痛取出率低于A组和C组,分别比较两组差异具有统计学意义;B组妇女IUD续用率高于A组和C组,分别比较两组差异有统计学意义。置器后1、3、6、12个月B组月经量多、月经期延长、不规则出血、腰腹部疼痛等不良反应发生率明显低于A组和C组,两者分别比较差异有统计学意义。IUD使用妇女的年龄、IUD种类、子宫位置、放置时机、术后劳动强度等是影响IUD不良停用的相关因素。结论 :3种常用IUD均为高效、安全的避孕工具,可供育龄妇女知情选择,其中元宫药铜220IUD临床效果较好,副反应少,值得应用。IUD使用妇女的年龄、IUD种类、子宫位置、放置时机、术后劳动强度等是影响停用的因素。
Objective: To prospectively study the clinical effects and influencing factors of three commonly used IUDs. Methods: A total of 845 married and fertile women who voluntarily demanded to place IUD in Zhongshan Family Planning Center from January 1, 2013 to June 30, 2013 were selected as the research subjects. The subjects were divided into A , B, C three groups, A group placed TGu200c IUD, B group placed uterine copper 220IUD, C group placed copper IUD palace. 1, 3, 6, 12 months after follow-up respectively. The incidence of adverse reactions and adverse reactions after 12 months of placement of IUD were observed and their associated factors were analyzed. Results: The incidence of adverse reactions, pregnancy rate, down-shift or ectopic rate and bleeding pain in group B at 12 months were lower than those in groups A and C respectively. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant. The IUD The follow-up rate was higher than those in group A and group C, respectively, with significant difference between the two groups. After 1, 3, 6, 12 months, the incidences of menstruation, prolonged menstrual period, irregular bleeding, waist and abdomen pain and other adverse reactions in group B were significantly lower than those in group A and group C Significance of learning. IUD use women’s age, IUD type, uterine position, placement timing, postoperative labor intensity and other factors that affect the adverse discontinuation of IUD. CONCLUSION: The three commonly used IUDs are both effective and safe contraceptive tools for the informed choice of women of childbearing age. Among them, Uterine Pharmacopoeia 220IUD has better clinical effect and less side effects, which is worthy of application. IUD use of women’s age, IUD types, uterine position, placement time, postoperative labor intensity, etc. are the factors that affect the disabled.