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目的探讨极低出生体重儿(VLBWI)发生原因及相关并发症,为提高其存活率及生存质量提供临床资料。方法将6年来收治的218例VLBW I按体重分为3组,即≤1000g,1001~1250g和1251~1500g。按住院年份分为2001—2003年和2004—2006年2组。对其发生原因、存活率及并发症进行比较。结果VLBW I发生的主要原因为妊娠期高血压疾病,多胎妊娠及高龄产妇,且2004—2006年所占比例较2001—2003年高,P<0.05。出生体重越低,存活率越低,并发症发生率越高,3组比较P<0.05。后3年存活率较前3年提高,P<0.05,新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征、寒冷损伤综合征及败血症发生率降低,P<0.05,呼吸暂停、动脉导管未闭、早产儿视网膜病及运动障碍发生率前后3年比较,差异无统计学意义,P>0.05。结论应加强高危孕妇围产期监测,减少VLBW I发生几率,对VLBW I应预防各种并发症并针对性治疗及随访,以提高其生存率及近远期生存质量。
Objective To investigate the causes and related complications of very low birth weight infants (VLBWI) and provide clinical data for improving the survival rate and quality of life. Methods 218 cases of VLBW I admitted in 6 years were divided into 3 groups by body weight, that is, ≤1000g, 1001 ~ 1250g and 1251 ~ 1500g. By hospital year is divided into 2001-2003 and 2004-2006 two groups. Its causes, survival rates and complications were compared. Results The main cause of VLBW I was hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy, multiple pregnancy and advanced maternal age. The proportion of VLBW I was higher than that of 2001-2003 (P <0.05). The lower birth weight, the lower the survival rate, the higher the incidence of complications, the three groups compared P <0.05. 3 years after the survival rate increased over the previous 3 years, P <0.05, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, cold injury syndrome and the incidence of sepsis decreased, P <0.05, apnea, patent ductus arteriosus, retinopathy of prematurity and exercise There was no significant difference in the incidence of obstruction between before and after 3 years, P> 0.05. Conclusion Perinatal monitoring should be strengthened in high-risk pregnant women to reduce the incidence of VLBW I, VLBW I should prevent various complications and targeted treatment and follow-up to improve their survival rate and quality of life in the near future.