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1.慎用、禁用和忌用。慎用是指谨慎应用,并不是绝对不能用,这种药可能会引起不良反应。通常需要慎用的药都是指小儿、老人、孕妇及心、肝、肾功能较差的患者。必须使用时要及时观察用药后的反应或作一定的检查,一旦出现问题要及时停药。如巴比妥类催眠药经肾脏排泄,肾功能不好的病人应慎用,以防中毒。 禁用就是禁止使用,即病人用药后会出现严重不良反应或中毒。例如吗啡能抑制呼吸中枢,因此病人休克、昏迷、支气管哮喘和肺心病人应禁用吗啡。
1 with caution, banned and avoid using. Caution is used with caution, not absolutely not used, this medicine may cause adverse reactions. Often need to be used with caution are children, the elderly, pregnant women and heart, liver, kidney dysfunction patients. Must be used in time to observe the reaction after medication or for some checks, in the event of problems should be promptly discontinued. Such as barbiturates hypnotics excreted by the kidneys, poor renal function patients should be used with caution to prevent poisoning. Prohibited is prohibited to use, that is, patients with serious adverse reactions or poisoning. For example, morphine can inhibit the respiratory center, so patients with shock, coma, bronchial asthma and pulmonary heart disease should disable morphine.