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求电场力做功的方法有: (1)W=qU,此公式适用于所有的电场． (2)W=qEs,其中s是沿电场方向上的位移,此公式只适用于匀强电场． (3)W=ε1-ε2,其中ε1和ε2分别指初、末状态的电势能．如果电场力做正功,则电荷的电势能减少, 减少量等于电场力做的功;如果电场力做负功, 则电荷的电势能增加,增加量等于电场力做的
The methods for finding the electric field to do work are: (1) W=qU, this formula applies to all electric fields. (2) W=qEs, where s is the displacement in the direction of the electric field. This formula is only applicable to uniform electric fields. (3) W = ε1-ε2, where ε1 and ε2 refer to the potential energy of the initial state and the final state, respectively. If the electric field is doing positive work, the potential energy of the electric charge is reduced, and the reduction is equal to the work done by the electric field force; if the electric field force does negative work, the electric potential energy of the electric charge is increased, and the increase is equal to that of the electric field force.