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目的探讨山东省疟疾高发区部分自然社会因素与疟疾疫情的关系,为消除疟疾提供依据。方法在山东省疟疾高发区抽取10个县(市、区)20个乡(镇)作为研究现场,以户为单位进行问卷调查,以了解相关自然和社会因素。此外,收集2006-2010年研究现场疟疾发病资料,用Spearman等级相关对各自然社会因素与疟疾发病率之间的关系进行分析,用多元逐步回归建立自然社会因素与发病率关系的回归方程。结果山东省疟疾高发区疟疾平方根发病率(Y)与杀虫剂户率(X_3)和纱门、纱窗户率(X_4)呈负相关(P均<0.05),与住房周围水环境户率(X_5)和暴露率(X_6)呈正相关(P<0.05),建立的多元逐步回归方程为:Y=0.032X_5+0.048X_6-0.495,R~2=0.973。结论疟疾发病与多种自然社会因素存在明显的相关性。清除住房周围蚊媒孳生地,做好傍晚暴露人群的个人防护,正确使用纱门纱窗和驱避剂,是当前行之有效的疟疾防控策略。
Objective To explore the relationship between some natural and social factors and the outbreak of malaria in the high endemic area of malaria in Shandong Province and provide the basis for eliminating malaria. Methods Twenty towns (towns) in 10 counties (cities and districts) were selected as the research site in Shandong Province for malaria endemic areas. Questionnaires were conducted on a household basis to understand the related natural and social factors. In addition, the data of incidence of malaria from 2006 to 2010 were collected. The relationship between natural social factors and the incidence of malaria was analyzed by Spearman rank correlation. The regression equation of the relationship between natural and social factors and incidence was established by multiple stepwise regression. Results The incidence of malaria (Y) in malaria endemic areas in Shandong Province was negatively correlated with the pesticide household rate (X_3), the screen door rate (X_4), and the indoor environmental rate X_5) and exposure rate (X_6) were positively correlated (P <0.05). The multivariate stepwise regression equation was established as follows: Y = 0.032X_5 + 0.048X_6-0.495, R_2 = 0.973. Conclusion The incidence of malaria has obvious correlation with many natural and social factors. It is an effective malaria prevention and control strategy to clear the mosquito breeding grounds around the houses and personal protection of the crowd exposed in the evening. Proper use of screen screens and repellents.