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抗战时期,周恩来在以重庆为中心的大后方,围绕大局,把握知识分子特点和工作规律,团结、组织起广大知识分子,形成了一支“文化上的部队”。在工作方式上,周恩来一方面利用文工会、文协等合法机构,把广大知识分子组织起来;另一方面又注重通过重大节日活动、戏剧文化运动、报刊媒体等诸多形式,把知识分子发动起来。他还非常关照知识分子的生活与安全,花费大量心力保护知识分子。周恩来大后方知识分子工作的基本经验有:始终坚持党的领导;充分发挥知识分子的带动作用;从知识分子特点出发,关照知识分子的切身诉求;耐心细致地做好思想工作,重视理论斗争和批评;广交朋友,善交朋友,在交友中宣传党的方针路线。周恩来态度诚恳、认真细致的工作,促使大后方的广大知识分子积极投身到抗战的宣传和民主进步的斗争中来,成为坚持抗战、团结、进步的重要力量,为抗战胜利作出了杰出贡献,也对后来解放战争中第二条战线的形成,以及新中国成立后的知识分子工作产生了深远影响。
During the period of the War of Resistance Against Japan, Zhou Enlai, in the rear of the party centered around Chongqing, centered on the overall situation, grasped the characteristics and working rules of the intellectuals, unite and organize a large number of intellectuals and formed a “force of culture”. In terms of working methods, Zhou Enlai, on the one hand, organized the vast numbers of intellectuals by using the legal institutions such as the Cultural Workers’ Union and the Literary Association; on the other hand, he also focused on mobilizing intellectuals through various major festivals, theatrical culture movement, the press media and many other forms . He also paid close attention to the life and safety of intellectuals and spent a great deal of effort on protecting intellectuals. The basic experience of Zhou Enlai’s work on intellectuals at the rear of the party includes: always upholding the party’s leadership; giving full play to the leading role of the intellectuals; taking into consideration the characteristics of intellectuals and taking into consideration the immediate demands of the intellectuals; patiently and conscientiously doing ideological work and attaching importance to theoretical struggle and Criticize; make friends, make friends, make friends during the party propaganda line. Zhou Enlai’s sincere and meticulous work has prompted the vast majority of intellectuals in the rear area to actively participate in the propaganda and democratic progress in the war of resistance against Japan and become an important force in adhering to the war of resistance, unity and progress and made outstanding contributions to the victory in the war of resistance. The subsequent formation of the second front in the War of Liberation and the work of intellectuals after the founding of new China had a profound impact.