明代的民间结社,其兴有渐,其衰亦有因。它的发展,经过了文化团体、学术组织、政治党派三个阶段。作为文化团体,它曾为体现个人价值发挥作用;作为学术组织,它曾为整饬一代文风做过贡献;而作为政治党派,它却非常失败,不仅未能挽救大明帝国,反而使自身成为攻击的目标,并从此走向衰落。从历史发展看,这一变化过程,偶然之中含有必然。 The Ming Dynasty’s civil association, its rise, its decline is also due to. Its development has gone through three stages: cultural groups, academic organizations and political parties. As a cultural group, it has played a role in reflecting personal values. As an academic organization, it has contributed to the generation of a whole generation of literary style. As a political party, it failed so much that it not only failed to save the Ming Empire but attacked itself Goals, and from there to decline. Judging from the historical development, this process of change has occasionally contained inevitability.